Combination devices

Figure 15-25 shows a combination device containing coalescers and both hydrophobic and hydrophilic separating membranes. Coalescers... 

Variable Common Instrument Society of Americo I.S.A.) Single Device Combination Device... 

The creation of nanoscale sandwiches of compound semiconductor heterostructures, with gradients of chemical composition that are precisely sculpted, could produce quantum wells with appropriate properties. One can eventually think of a combined device that incorporates logic, storage, and communication for computing—based on a combination of electronic, spintronic, photonic, and optical technologies. Precise production and integrated use of many different materials will be a hallmark of future advanced device technology. 

The reactor system of Zech et al. [35] is a good example of an integrated approach as it combines devices from different suppliers into a complex screening system. The reactor was manufactured at IMM (Fig. 4.4) and the sampling device delivered by AMTEC in Chemnitz. The catalyst preparation method was developed at the TU Chemnitz. The latter consists of an x/y-positioning robot supervised by a CCD camera. The sampling capillary was connected to a quadmpole mass spectrometer. This set-up has been used to screen up to 35 catalysts a day. 

Rectification — is defined as the conversion of -> alternating current, AC, into pulsating -> direct current, DC, by any means other than the use of a motor-generator. That is, the AC is primarily converted by use of a -> rectifier into (unfiltered) unidirectional half-cycles. The percentage ratio of the DC output voltage to the peak AC input voltage of a certain rectifier device is called rectification efficiency. A circuit containing parallel -> capacitance, sometimes in combination with series inductance, is afterwards frequently applied as rectification filter in order to smooth the ripple in the DC current output. A combined device of rectifier and filter is called rectifier-filter system. 

Often a device company will work closely with CDRH staff to develop and submit a combination device drug product, only to find out during the application review that upon consultation by the CDRH reviewer with CDER, new issues are brought up that could have been incorporated into the clinical study design. This points out the importance of early communication with all involved parties at FDA during product development. Assuring that representatives from both Review Divisions are present at FDA sponsor meetings allows for identification and discussion of issues early in the process. 

FILTER-DRIER - A combination device used as a strainer and moisture remover. 

Other categories of medical devices include combination devices, in which a device may incorporate drugs or biologicals. Combination devices are controlled via intercenter arrangements implemented by the FDA. 

The above combined device with varying flow rate and simultaneously varying solute concentration helps to control the transport of molecules toward and away from the cells of interest. Embryonic stem cells, for example, are particularly sensitive to their microenvironment. 

After briefly considering the relevant results pertinent to multiple-quantum direct detection (Sec. 7.2.1), we derive the combination device response for the general multiple-quantum photomixing process (including the important two-quantum case) in Section 7.12. In Section 7.2.3, we obtain the SNR for a receiver using a multiphoton optical heterodyne device, and compare it with the SNR for conventional optical heterodyne detection. The results of a two-photon experiment are presented in Section 7.2.4, while a suggested setup for future experiments, as well as the applicability of the scheme in general, is reserved for Section 7.2.5. 

The capacitance in Fig. 2(b) is a critical parameter, since for a given bandwidth, B, the higher the capacitance, the lower the value of R, and thus the higher the noise current. Consider a detector operating at a bandwidth of 1 MHz, with a typical combined device and circuit shunt capacitance of 1 pf. The required load resistance, R = l/2-BC = 157,000 ohms and the rms noise current is... 

Study of patients in New York Heart Association Functional Class 111 or IV with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 0.35 and a QRS duration > 120ms. The study objectives were to determine whether optimal pharmacological therapy with (1) CRT therapy alone or (2) CRT with cardioverter-defibrillator capability is superior to optimal pharmacological therapy alone to reduce all-cause mortality and hospitalization The trial was terminated prematurely as it reached its primary endpoint with superiority in the device arms. Mortality was reduced by 40% in patients implanted with combined devices, while car-diac-resynchronization therapy alone gave an intermediate mortality of 15% (196,197). 

Other novel combination devices on the market for targeted dmg delivery include resorbable dug-eluting stents, dmg-eluting balloons, and steroid-releasing nasal implants (Fig. 3). Dmg-eluting contact lenses are also under development for the treatment of glaucoma. ... 

The precision of the measurements ranged from 1.9% to 8.2% relative standard deviation, and the detection limit was 3 ng/mL for all analytes. The results compare quite favorably (2.4%-6.S% difference) with results from commercial single-analyte assays using spectroscopic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In this application, four analytes were determined in duplicate, but any combination of up to eight analytes may be determined simultaneously. It is anticipated that when the array biosensor is coupled with a microfiuidics system (Section 33C) for solution handling, the combined device will become a powerful tool for the routine determination of this important class of biochemical analytes. 

The CG-4 combination device has fusible metal with a nominal melt temperature of 165°F (73.9°C). The CG-5 combination device has fusible metal with a nominal melt temperature of212°F(100°C). 

Limitation CG-4 and CG-5 combination devices function only in the presence of both predetermined heat and pressure. Sufficient heat must be present first to melt the fusible metal. Therefore, this device does not offer protection against overpressure from improper charging practices. 

Type CG-8, This is a combination device consisting of a rupture disk device followed by and in series with a pressure relief valve. The piping connecting the rupture disk and pressure relief valve is equipped with a sensing device to indicate pressure. The system is designed and constructed so the required relieving capacity is achieved and the operation of the relief valve is not impeded. 

In the case of combined device (i.e., filtration-flotation water treatment under recirculation conditions), it is important to know the values of integrated constants of the filtration process, bioflltration process, bubble-flhn extraction process, gas exchange absorption process, and ion separation process in the functional units of combined device, that is, in the filter and in the bubble-film extractor, operating separately. The initial parameters for the device analysis are the required purification degree and treating time. And the calculated parameters are the integrated rate constants of such processes as filtration, biofiltration, flotation, bubble absorption, and dimensions of reaction spaces. 

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