Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannans

Isol. from the partial acid hydrolysate of bakers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mannan and of Candida utilis mannan. [a]o +68 (c, 0.42 in H2O). 

The structure of mannose-rich polysaccharide core in GL4 is close to that of yeast mannan (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which was inactive for IL-6 induction in a human peripheral whole-blood cells test system. This fact suggests that not the mannose moieties but other components, such as the lipophilic moiety and/or phosphates, are important for the activity. The lipophilic products in HF-hydrolysate of GL4 were then analyzed. In addition to peaks corresponding to the known fatty acids (C16 0, C18 1), two other unknown ion peaks at m/z 330 and 356 were found by FAB-MS (data not shown). 

Invertase from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant could be separated into two fractions on the basis of solubility in ammonium sulfate.382 The soluble fraction reacted with endo-(l - 6)-a-mannanase, when it became insoluble. The results suggested that the insoluble fraction contained only the highly branched, core section, but the soluble fraction also had the (l->6)-a-D-mannan chain attached. 

The mannan and glycoprotein from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been extensively investigated by Ballou and coworkers.89 The mannan contains a (1— 6)-linked, a-D-mannopyranosyl... 

Figure 8.16 Changes in the content of mannan (o) and PolyP(IV) fraction ( ) during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Reader medium in the presence (a) and absence (b) of a nitrogen source (Kulaev et al., 1972d).

The interaction between con A and a-mannans from a variety of micro-organisms was studied by So and Goldstein.204 The mannans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces rouxii, and Sarcina sp., and the phosphomannan from Saccharomyces pini Y-2579, all gave classical precipitin curves similar to those obtained for dextrans,320,362 but unlike the extended curves given by glycogen.369 A synthetic, linear (1—>3)-a-D-mannopyranan did not precipitate204 with con A. 

The pea lectin precipitated with muscle glycogen, yeast mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and O-phosphonomannan from Pichia pinus.122 All of these reactions were inhibited by specific, sugar haptens (D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-fructose).122... 

The main structural constituents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall are glucans and mannans with a minor proportion of chitin (Walker 1998). Manno-proteins are located in the outer layer of the yeast cell wall and determine most of the surface properties of the wall. Vasserot et al. (1997) studied the capacity of yeast lees to adsorb anthocyanins in an attempt to reduce the detrimental effects of charcoal on the color of red musts and wines. Experiments based on model wine solutions revealed that yeast lees possess a greater affinity for anthocyanins than... 

Yeast mannan, commonly known as yeast gum by early workers, was first isolated in a pure form by Salkowski. It was extracted from pressed bakers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with hot, aqueous alkali, and separated from such contaminants as glycogen through the insoluble, copper complex formed with Fehling solution. Mundkur has presented evidence indicating that a layer of mannan... 

Five, genetically distinct, /8-D-fructofuranosidases have been described for strains of Saccharomyces hybrids. The behavior and kinetics of each enzyme are very similar.362,451 W. L. Smith and Ballou have purified the mannan-protein /3-D-fructofiiranosidases of three strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae whose cell walls have differences in mannan structure.452 By use of immunochemical methods, they found that the structure of each /3-D-fructofuranosidase mannan is similar to that of the cell wall of the corresponding strain only. Mutations affecting the structure of the one also produced similar changes in the other. 

A historical review of the development of our knowledge of the yeast cell wall was given by Phaff (I). Most information based on chemical studies has been derived, by far, from studies with cell walls from baker s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and closely related species. The principal components of Saccharomyces walls are several types of glucan and a mannan-protein complex which may contain variable proportions of phosphate. A low content of chitin (ca. 1% ) may be present depending on the number of times a cell has produced buds. The reason for this is that chitin is present only in the bud scars (ca. 3 pm2 in area) produced on the surface of a mother cell (2), each at a different place on the cell surface. 

Mannan was discovered in bakers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by Salkowski in 1894 at that time, it was termed yeast gum. The first detailed studies of its structure were made by the methyl-ation procedure by Haworth and coworkers. - The results showed that the polysaccharide consists entirely of D-mannose residues and is highly branched, the D-mannose residues being combined by (1 2)-, (1 3)-, and (1 — 6)-linkages. Its molecular weight, as... 

The mannan subfractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, prepared by the similar chromatographic fractionation of the corresponding bulk mannan, showed no or very weak cross-reactivity with antisera of strains NIH A-207 and NIH B-792, while the mannan subfractions of strains NIH B-792 and J-1012 were weakly cross-reactive with anti-S. cerevisiae serum, affording almost identical amounts of precipitated antibody nitrogen regardless of the phosphate content of these mannan subfractions. 

The transformation of D-glucose by a Candida species has been followed catabolically and anabolically. Maximal incorporation into D-glucan and D-mannan is only achieved at a critical concentration of D-glucose. Dolichyl monophosphate-D-mannose is not an intermediate in the synthesis of the outer chains of the D-mannan-protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharides are synthesized by different D-mannosyl-transf erases. ... 

An osmotically-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288 contains more 3-D-glucan, less ot-D-mannan, and less alkali-soluble glycogen than the parent strain.The D-mannan has been characterized as containing more short... 

In many fungi a proportion of the wall mannan is labile to dilute alkali and oligosaccharides of mannose are released by a p-elimination reaction in its presence. This mannan is linked to serine or threonine residues in polypeptide by way of a mannosyl-hydroxyamino acid (>-glycosidic bond a linkage which has no known counterpart in higher animals. The synthesis of this structure has been studied in some detail in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and there is evidence for similar mechanisms in other fungi. 

Fungal mannans, such as that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain occasional phosphate residues which are present as diesters, linking two sugar residues (see Chapter 4). In Hansenula spp. this structure is frequent, so that phosphate diester links can occur every two or three mannosyl residues in some parts of the mannan. They are attached to C-1 and C-6 of mannosyl residues which are otherwise al,2-linked, so there is close resemblance to other, less phosphorylated, fungal mannans. 

Biosynthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LK 2G12 Mannan , FEBS Letters, 14,109-13 Sentendreu, R. Lampen, J.O. (1972) Biosynthesis of Mannan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation of a lipid Intermediate and its Identification as a Mannosyl-1-phosphoryl Polyprenol , FEBS Letters, 27, 331-4 Sharma, C.B., Babczinski, P., Lehle, L. Tanner, W. (1974) The Role of Dolichol-monophosphate in Glycoprotein Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiad, European Journal of Biochemistry, 46, 35-41... 

---