Phosphate diesters

Substitution of some of the alkoxy groups on the polytitanoxanes with glycols, P-diketones or P-ketoesters, fatty acids, diester phosphates or pyrophosphates, and sulfonic acids gives a group of products that are very effective surface-treating agents for carbon black, graphite, or fibers (32). 

Pellegrini, J.P., Jr. and Strange, H.O. "Synthetic Oil Containing a Rare Earth Metal Diester Phosphate," US Patent 2,983,678(1961). 

Esters, see Carboxylate esters Phosphate diesters Phosphate esters Ethidium bromide, binding with DNA, 186-187, 188/, 189-190... 

Note that this molecule is a phosphate diester. Phosphate diesters also hold the subunits of nucleic acids together. 

The T relaxation agent increased the sensitivity of the NMR instrument by decreasing several of the mono- and diester phosphate relaxation times by factors of 2-5. In this way the delay time between scans was decreased (43). This change permits an increase in the number of scans observed per unit time. Although the presence of ferric ions creates the potential for precipitation of phosphorus-iron complexes, the addition of a large molar excess of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) relative to ferric ions prevented precipitation, even over a large pH region (44). 

Comparison of the 31P NMR spectra reveals several similarities (Figure 10). All spectra contain prominent signals in the monoester region (0.00-5.00 ppm) and less distinct signals between 0.00 and -2.00 ppm, the diester phosphate region. Phosphonates and polyphosphates were not detected in any samples. 

The final region from -2.00 to 0.00 ppm is attributed to diester phosphates such as RNA, DNA, nucleotide fragments, and phosphatidyl compounds. Signals occur in this region for both DNA and phosphatidyl choline in a concentrated humic matrix with FeEDTA present (Figure 11). 3IP FT-NMR evidence supporting the presence of DNA is provided by the spectrum of a sample that has been oxidized by alkaline bromination (Figure 12). 

The slow, post-irradiation decrease in viscosity ( after-effect ) was investigated by Daniels, Scholes, Weiss, and Wheeler, who relate this phenomenon to the labilization of phosphate bonds by the intermediate formation of labile phosphate esters. Leading to this conclusion is the observation that about fifteen times as much inorganic phosphate can be obtained by acid hydrolysis of irradiated, aqueous solutions of nucleic acid as is formed directly by the radiation. It is, therefore, thought that, after the labile phosphate esters have been formed, they undergo slow acid hydrolysis, and that this mild hydrolysis occurring at the diester phosphate groups, even... 

Makarov, M.L, Haumaier, L. and Zech, W. (2002a) The nature and origins of diester phosphates in soils a NMR study. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35, 136-146. 

The types of dithiophosphates are many. Dithiophosphates are also called as black powder because the color of most dithiophosphates is black. And it is called as aerofloat in foreign reports. Dithiophosphates can be considered as the derivatives of diester phosphates when the two O atoms are substituted by two S atoms. 

Chem. Descrip. Mixture of diester phosphate aluminum chelates Uses Dispersant, bonding agent, thixotropic body developer, and gellantin ink and varnish applies., phenolic and carboxylated resin formulations, water- and solv-based systems, baked acrylic and polyester coatings good UV light and environmental stability... 

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