Rubber-Lined Steel Pipe

Plastic-Lined and Rubber-Lined Steel Pipe. 10-100... 

The Moody diagram is a general graph for the Darcy factor versus the Reynolds number, It is applicable to a very large number of different pipe materials. There are four principal pipe materials associated with slurry flows plastic pipes [high-density polyethylene (HDPE)], plain steel pipes, rubber-lined steel pipes, and concrete pipes. The absolute... 

Steel pipes are rubber lined to a typical thickness of 6 mm (or 0.25") for small sizes of pipes [< 150 mm (6"), 9.5 mm ( ")], and 13 mm (J") for pipe sizes up to 24". Larger pipes may be custom lined. Lining is done in an autoclave and the rubber is cured under steam. Rubber lining is limited to pumping coarse material up to a size of 6 mm (= J"). Rubber does not contribute to the pressure rating of steel pipes. Table 2-3 presents the dimensions and relative roughness of rubber-lined steel pipes. 

TABLE 2-3 Size and Relative Roughness of Rubber-Lined Steel Pipes to U.S. Dimensions ... 

Tables 2-9 and 2-10 present friction factor and head losses for water as a carrier fluid for plain and rubber-lined steel pipes. There is no point in tabulating other fluids here as they are rarely used for slurry mixtures.

The hydraulic friction gradient of water in rubber-lined pipes in the range of 2" to 18" is presented in Figures 2-5 to 2-13. Rubber thickness of 6.4 mm (0.25") was assumed for 2", 3", 4", and 6" (up to 150 mm) pipes. Rubber thickness of 9.5 mm (0.375") was assumed for 8" to 24" (200 to 610 mm NB) pipes. HDPE friction head was plotted for similar sizes at SDRll (suitable for 100 psi pressure), to mark the advantages of reduced friction at these sizes using HDPE instead of rubber-lined pipes, wherever it may be appropriate. The design engineer must take in account the pressure limitations of HDPE pipes versus rubber-lined steel pipes. 

The particle size distribution of the originally milled ore is presented in Table 4-3. Special screens would be installed to screen away the coarsest particles (larger than 0.850 mm). Conducting a friction loss for a rubber lined steel pipe would be a better option. (See Tables 4-6 and 4-7.)... 

Coated steel pipe Rubber-lined steel pipe 0.03 0.06 0.15 1.35... 

Sodium hydroxide from the decomposer usually has a concentration of 50 % and a temperature of 80 -120 °C. It passes through rubber-lined steel pipe work to nickel or Incoloy coolers, where it is cooled to 40-SOT. Any particles of graphite from the decomposer or traces of mercury are effectively removed by centrifuges, candle filters, or precoated leaf filters (Fig. 29). 

In the batch process wide iron cylinders are used as chlorination vessels (of some 2.5 cubic meters content) the cylinders are rubber-lined and cooled by a coil made of rubber-lined steel or PVC. The vessels are filled with an 18% hydroxide solution and the chlorine enters the solution through PVC pipes under cooling and stirring the pipes end in distributors which are placed just above the bottom of the chlorination vessel. The vessels are closed by covers, and tail gases arc sucked off and led above the roof of the building. 

Carbon steel Sch. 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminum Sch. 40 304 stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran-lined steel Polypropylene- lined steel Rubber-lined steel Sch. 40 316 stainless steel Sch. 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-llned steel 316 stainless steel Sch. 40... 

The unit is mounted on a liquor circulation tank and thus saves separate liquid exit piping (with U-seal). The construction can be of fibreglass-reinforced plastic or rubber-lined steel tank. 

Construction is of rubber-lined steel or other standard materials for the brine process. The small size of the dissolver often makes FRP (reinforced with PVC or CPVC) a good choice for the vessel, and the same resins can be used for internal piping. The saltsupporting grid can be carbon steel, but the thin screen should be of a more resistant material such as Monel. 

Heat exchangers in brine service are usually titanium or copper-nickel alloys, and pumps are made of Type 316 SS, Ni-Resist titanium, rubber-lined steel, or FRP. Storage tanks use many of the same materials employed in piping systems, the choice reflecting processing conditions and the importance of avoiding contamination. 

Piping/valves Hydrogen Section H+/General Unplasticized PVC or CPVC, rubber-lined steel... 

Although the code recommends taking out of service defective sections of the pipeline, it accepts that this is not always possible. It does, therefore, allow for certain methods of repair while the pipeline is in service, such as the use of mechanically split sleeves, hot tapping, encirclement of welds, etc. The engineer should, however, be aware that these methods may not apply to rubber, polyurethane, or HDPE-lined steel pipes as they would damage the internal lining by heat. 

The sump for the tailings pipeline (Figure 12-4) may be buUt of concrete or rubber-lined steel. A number of pipes are instaUed in the feed side such as ... 

Carbon steel Sch. 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminum Sch. 40 304 stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran-lined steel Polypropylene- lined steel Rubber-linedsteel Sch. 40 316 stainless steel Sch. 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-Ifned steel 316 stainless steel Sch. 40 Alloy 20 Sch. 5 FEP Teflon-lined steel PFA Teflon-lined steel Armored-glass pipe PTFE Teflon-lined steel Monel 400 Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 5 Alloy 20 Sch. 40 Monel 400 Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 5 Titanium Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 40 Titanium Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 40 Glass-lined steel Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 5 Hastelloy B Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 40 Hastelloy B Sch. 40 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 5 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 40... 

Friction loss in rubber-lined pipe is usually considered equivalent to that in new steel pipe of one-half to one nominal size smaller, with little or no change due to aging, unless knowm conditions can be interpolated. For a given inside diameter, the friction loss is the same (or slightly less) than clean steel pipe. 

For 2-inch (nominal) and larger vinyl, saran, or hard rubber pipe, the friction loss does not exceed clean steel. With saran and rubber-lined pipe the loss is about equal to clean steel at the 2.5-inch size, increasing to 2 to 4 times the loss at the 1-inch size. 

Other uses of titanium are in the construction of anolyte pipes, anolyte tanks, and dissolver and maturing tanks in the brine system. Here pure titanium cannot always be justified and instead rubber linings or polymeric materials are also used. Where the demand on uptime is rigorous, titanium-lined steel may be considered instead of rubber. 

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