Rubber and plastics products

Materials for Rubber and Plastics Products, Akiochem Corp., 1989. 

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Manufacture of fabricated rubber and plastic products Scrap rubber and plastics, lampblack, curing compounds, dyes... 

Figure 18.4. Example of technology analysis, e.g., 5% in rubber and plastic products means that 5% of the investments in a central electrolyser are produced in the rubber and plastic products sector in economic terms.

Occupational exposure to ethylbenzene may occur by inhalation during its production and use. Most occupational exposures are related to technical grades of mixed xylenes used as solvents in various paints and coatings, inks, insecticides and in rubber and plastic production, as well as from the production and handling of gasoline and bitumen. Ethylbenzene from these sources as well as from vehicle emissions is ubiquitous at Xg/m levels in ambient air. It is a component of tobacco... 

Potential exposure to butadiene can occur in the following industrial activities petroleum refining and related operations (production of C4 fractions containing butadiene, and production and distribution of gasoline), production of purified butadiene monomer, production of various butadiene-based rubber and plastics polymers and other derivatives, and manufacture of rubber and plastics products (tyres, hoses and a variety of moulded objects). 

Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene occurs in the production of monomeric 1,3-butadiene and of 1,3-butadiene-based polymers and 1,3-butadiene-derived products. The mean full-shift, time-weighted average exposure levels measured for workers in these industries have usually been below 10 ppm [22 mg/m- ], although that level may be exceeded during some short-term activities. Recent data from monomer extraction and styrene-butadiene rubber plants showed lower average concentrations (< 5 ppm [< 11 mg/m ]). 1,3-Butadiene is not usually found at detectable levels in workplace air during manufacture of finished rubber and plastic products. 

On-line inspection is a form of testing and in this context dimensional measurements are those most often made. Apart from gauges, micrometers and so on, there are various optical, electrical, nuclear and other methods which may have advantages in production circumstances. Descriptions of the use of such techniques can be found in the literature and in manufacturers data sheets. Some fairly recent examples relating to rubber and plastics products are given in references 12 - 16. However, the various techniques will not be reviewed here. 

Rubber and plastic products for example, molded floor mats, mud guards, carpet padding, and plastic adhesives... 

Crumb Rubber in Rubber and Plastic Products. Crumb rubber may be incorporated into rubber sheet and molded products such as floor mats, vehicle mud guards, and carpet padding or into plastic products, including plastic floor mats and adhesives. Additional uses that have contributed to the expansion of this market over the last three years are rubber play surfaces, tracks and athletic surfaces, and garbage cans. In 1987 about 2.3 million tires (1 percent) were utilized in this manner. 1990 estimates have risen to 8.6 million tires per year, or 3 percent of the scrap tires generated that year. 

Production, Import/Export, Use, and Disposal. Because barium compounds occur naturally and are widely used in oil well drilling muds, in steel, rubber and plastic products, glass and ceramics, chemical, and pyrotechnics industries, in insecticides, and as a smoke suppressant in diesel fuels (Bodek et al. 1988 EPA 1982 ILO 1983 Kirkpatrick 1985 Meister 1989 Stokinger 1981 ... 

Manufacture of chemicals, and chemical, petroleum, coal rubber and plastic products... 

The use of thiram in the manufacture of many rubber and plastic products (e.g., shoes) and as a fungicide in recreational areas (e.g., golf courses and bowling greens) presents considerable opportunity for exposure of sensitive individuals to the... 

Use Shoe polishes, leather finishes, varnishes, electric insulating compositions, furniture and floor polishes, carbon paper, waterproofing, to prevent sunchecking of rubber and plastic products, confectionery, cosmetics. 

Use Ceramic products, refractories, colloidal suspensions, oil-well drilling fluids, filler for rubber and plastic products, films, paper coating, decolorizing oils, temporary molds, filtration, carrier in insecticidal sprays, catalyst support. 

Use Filtration clarifying and decolorizing insulation absorbent mild abrasive drilling-mud thickener extender in paints, rubber, and plastic products ceramics paper coating anticaking agent in fertilizers asphalt compositions chromatography refractories acid-proof liners catalyst carrier. 

Use Marine paints, metal primers, polishing compounds, pigment in rubber and plastic products, theatrical rouge, grease paints. 

Use Polishes, candles, crayons, sealants, sun-cracking protection of rubber and plastic products, abher-ent, cosmetics, paper coating, packaging food products, electrical insulation, waterproofing and cleaning compounds, carbon paper, precision investment casting. 

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant commonly utilized as an additive in food and in rubber and plastic products. Its chemical migration from plastic packaging into the package s content has been shown [82]. A method for the determination of BHT in bottled water by means of SPME-GC-MS was developed [83]. The method was also appUed to evaluate the presence of BHT in mineral and mineralized bottled drinking water and it appeared in seven out of fifteen samples studied. The maximum observed concentration was 38 p.g L. All studied plastic bottles were made of PET. The PDMS fiber was exposed to 15 mL aliquots for 30 minutes at ambient temperature and under magnetic stirring. Relative standard deviation was 4.3% and the limit of detection was 4.2 pg L ... 

Whenever a recession occurs, there is a downturn in employment. For example, in 1975 the employment in all manufacturing was about 1.7 million lower than in 1974. The CPI employment declined by 134,000, or about 7%, which indicated less distress in these industries in the 1974-1975 period. In the 20-year period 1975-1995, in some sectors of the CPI (e.g., petroleum and coal products, industrial organic and inorganic chemicals, plastics and synthetic materials), there was a decline in employment. In the drug, soap, cleaner, and toilet goods sectors, as well as in rubber and plastics products, there was a slight increase. 

One of zinc oxide s most important properties is its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light in sunlight. Because of this property, zinc oxide is often added to sunscreens and sunblocks to help protect a person from sunburn. The same property accounts for other important applications for zinc oxide, such as their use in rubber and plastic products. By absorbing ultraviolet light, zinc oxide protects the rubber or plastic from decomposing. The compound also has other applications in the rubber and plastic industries, including ... 

To increase the temperature at which rubber and plastic products remain stable and the amount of exposure to light they can withstand ... 

Tubular and columnar apparatus (apparatus length-to-diameter ratio L/d > 100) including screw equipment relate to plug-flow reactors type [7,8]. Plug-flow reactors are applied for many of gas-phase reactions realized in production quantities, in particular for ethylene polymerization under high pressure conditions [9], and for some liquid-phase reactions, for example polystyrene synthesis in columns and other rubbers and plastics productions. Near 10% of polymer and 30% of fibers manufacture are produced in apparatus of such types [10]. 

---