Rotatable carrier

Steinemann (140) found that, at a given temperature, the dielectric relaxation time was inversely proportional to the HF concentration if the concentration was high, and inversely proportional to the square root of the concentration if it was lower. (The relations are listed in Table III.) Thus, the concentration dependence of the dielectric relaxation time does not follow a simple law. The formulation depends on the assumptions one makes about the nature of the relaxation process or processes (ion translation or molecular rotation), carrier concentration and dissociation, and the energies involved. 

The term channel has a fairly specific meaning in the literature of excitable membranes and membrane transport [ 1 ]. It means a simple site of permeation with too high a conductance to be a carrier [2 4]. A pure carrier combines with its substrate on one side of the membrane. The site of combination moves to the other side of the membrane and the carrier dissociates from its substrate. This definition of carrier allows for both rotational carriers and diffusional carriers. Channels are usually thought of as pores or fixed passages in the membrane through which the ions (or channel substrates) move. 

FIGURE 1.74 In-Mold-Assembly usings rotatable carrier for the molded parts [38]... 

Dutton, A., Rees, E. D., and Singer, S. J., 1976, An experiment eliminating the rotating carrier mechanism for the active transport of Ca ion in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73 1532. 

A typical loop injector showing the sampling position with pressurized solvent flowing through one loop onto the column and the sample solution placed in the other loop at atmospheric pressure. Rotation of the loop carrier through 180° puts the sample into the liquid flow at high pressure with only momentary change in pressure in the system. 

On the high-pressure side of the nozzle molecules may be seeded into the jet of helium or argon and are also cooled by the many collisions that take place. However, in discussing temperature in molecules, we must distinguish between translational, rotational and vibrational temperatures. The translational temperature is the same as that of the helium or argon carrier gas and may be less than 1 K. 

In another extractor (Automatic Machinery and Electronics Inc. (AMC)) the individual fmits are cut in half as they pass a stationary knife. The halves are oriented in a vertical plane, picked up by synthetic mbber cups, and positioned across plastic serrated reamers revolving in a synchronized carrier in a vertical plane. As the fmit halves progress around the extractor turntable, the rotating reamers exert increasing pressure and express the juice. The oil and pulp contents in the juice increase with greater reaming pressure. The recoverable oil is removed in a separate step prior to juice extraction. Needle-sharp spikes prick the peel of the whole fmit, releasing oil that is washed away with water and recovered from the oil—water emulsion. 

Additive packages have been developed which do an exceUent job of preventing IVD. The key to effective operation is to keep the valve wet so that the additive can prevent deposit buildup. Most packages include a combination of detergent/dispersant and a carrier oil or heavy solvent. If no carrier oil is present, then the fuel may evaporate off the valve too rapidly for the package to be effective. When the valves do not rotate, the portion of the valve which has the highest deposit level is the back side which is not constantly wet. 

Traditionally, the electron and proton transport pathways of photosynthetic membranes (33) have been represented as a "Z" rotated 90° to the left with noncycHc electron flow from left to right and PSII on the left-most and PSI on the right-most vertical in that orientation (25,34). Other orientations and more complex graphical representations have been used to depict electron transport (29) or the sequence and redox midpoint potentials of the electron carriers. As elucidation of photosynthetic membrane architecture and electron pathways has progressed, PSI has come to be placed on the left as the "Z" convention is being abandoned. Figure 1 describes the orientation in the thylakoid membrane of the components of PSI and PSII with noncycHc electron flow from right to left. 

At lower frequencies, orientational polarization may occur if the glass contains permanent ionic or molecular dipoles, such as H2O or an Si—OH group, that can rotate or oscillate in the presence of an appHed electric field. Another source of orientational polarization at even lower frequencies is the oscillatory movement of mobile ions such as Na". The higher the amount of alkaH oxide in the glass, the higher the dielectric constant. When the movement of mobile charge carriers is obstmcted by a barrier, the accumulation of carriers at the interface leads to interfacial polarization. Interfacial polarization can occur in phase-separated glasses if the phases have different dielectric constants. 

Fig. 14. Two-component magnetic bmsh development showing (a) the magnetic carrier particles (large circles) carrying toner (—), which within the magnetic field of the rotating permanent magnets, behave as individual bar magnets and (b) the production of a developed image. See text.

Quantum well interface roughness Carrier or doping density Electron temperature Rotational relaxation times Viscosity Relative quantity Molecular weight Polymer conformation Radiative efficiency Surface damage Excited state lifetime Impurity or defect concentration... 

The thermal sweeper is a commercial product licensed to Zoex Corporation, Lincoln, NA, USA (16). The sweeper incorporates a slotted heater (operated at about 100 °C above the oven temperature) which passes over the capillary column (normally an intermediate thicker film column is used in this region as an accumulator zone). Eigure 4.3 is a schematic diagram of how the instrumental arrangement may be considered. The greater temperature of the rotating sweeper forces the solute which has been retained in the phase in the accumulator section to be volatilized out of the phase into the carrier gas stream, and then bunched up and brought forward... 

It about the axle centerline is a carrier. Two identical beveled pinion gears are free to rotate about a pin fixed in the carrier. Each of these differential pinions engages both the right and the left drive pinions, which are fixed to the left and the right axles, respectively, hut are free to rotate within the carrier. 

When the vehicle drives straight ahead, the differential pinions do not rotate about the pin on which they are mounted. However, they tumble with the pin, end over end, about the axle centerline because the pin is fastened to the carrier and its ring gear. In this condition, the drive pinions, and with them their respective axles, rotate with the carrier and drive the vehicle forward. 

Microwave Hall experiments have been performed in our laboratory.16 They have shown that the mobility of charge carriers in semiconductors can be measured quite reliably even if the semiconductors are only available in the form of a powder. The measurement technique itself is relatively complicated and involves, for example, rectangular waveguides, which can be rotated against each other on opposite sides of the sample to monitor the phase rotation. In the two-mode resonator, two modes of... 

Figure 6. Species profiles in a rotating disk CVD reactor. Inlet gas is 0.1 percent silane in a carrier of 99.9 percent helium. The disk temperature is 1000 K and the spin rate is 1000 rpm.

Figure 7. Net silicon deposition rates as a function of susceptor temperature for both hydrogen and helium as the carrier gas. Rotation rate is 1000 rpm.

Rotating frame The frame is considered to be rotating at the carrier frequency, Vq. This allows a simplified picture of the precessing nuclei to be obtained. 

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