Vertical plane

Coning occurs in the vertical plane, and only when the otherwise stable oil-water contact lies directly below the producing well. Water is pulled up towards the perforations, and once it reaches the perforations, the well will produce at excessive water cuts. 

STM and AFM profiles distort the shape of a particle because the side of the tip rides up on the particle. This effect can be corrected for. Consider, say, a spherical gold particle on a smooth surface. The sphere may be truncated, that is, the center may be a distance q above the surface, where q < r, the radius of the sphere. Assume the tip to be a cone of cone angle a. The observed profile in the vertical plane containing the center of the sphere will be a rounded hump of base width 2d and height h. Calculate q and r for the case where a - 32° and d and h are 275 nm and 300 nm, respectively. Note Chapter XVI, Ref. 133a. Can you show how to obtain the relevent equation ... 

Vertical rotary molds also employ multiple molds on a turret but rotate in a vertical plane. As each mold reaches the die exit, it grasps the parison and closes. Because of the vertical spacing between molds, intermittent extmder action is not required. Vertical wheels are used commercially for high volume apphcations. 

In another extractor (Automatic Machinery and Electronics Inc. (AMC)) the individual fmits are cut in half as they pass a stationary knife. The halves are oriented in a vertical plane, picked up by synthetic mbber cups, and positioned across plastic serrated reamers revolving in a synchronized carrier in a vertical plane. As the fmit halves progress around the extractor turntable, the rotating reamers exert increasing pressure and express the juice. The oil and pulp contents in the juice increase with greater reaming pressure. The recoverable oil is removed in a separate step prior to juice extraction. Needle-sharp spikes prick the peel of the whole fmit, releasing oil that is washed away with water and recovered from the oil—water emulsion. 

Where more than one strand of castiag is required, a multihole, water-cooled die can be fixed to the bottom of a holding furnace and the metal withdrawn as a soHd strand from the bottom of the furnace, either ia a hori2oatal or vertical plane. 

Plate pr esses. Sometimes called sheet filters, these are assemblies of plates, sheets of filter media, and sometimes screens or frames. Thev are essentially modified filter presses with practically no cakeholding capacity. A press may consist of many plates or of a single filter sheet between two plates, the plates may be rectangular or circular, and the sheets may lie in a horizontal or vertical plane. The operation is similar to that of a filter press, and the flow rates are about the same as for disk filters. The operating pressure usually does not exceed 138 kPa (20 psig). The presses are used most frequently for low-viscosity liqmds, but an ordinaiy filter press with thin frames is commonly used as a clarifier for 100-Pa s (1000-P) rayon-spinning solution. Here the filtration pressure may be 6900 kPa (1000 psig). 

Note that if y = 0, or 2 = 0, or both 2 and H are 0, this equation is greatly simplified. For locations in the vertical plane containing the plume center-line, y = 0 and gi = 1. 

Fig. 13.2. Orbital correlation for two ground-state ethenes and cyclobutane. The symmetry designations apply, respectively, to the horizontal and vertical planes for two etl lene molecules approachit one another in parallel planes.

The vertical motion of the plume to the height where it becomes horizontal is known as the plume rise, (refer back to Figure 1). The plume rise is assumed to be a function primarily of the emission conditions of release, (i.e. velocity and temperature characteristics). A velocity in the vertical plane gives the gases an upward momentum causing the plume to rise until atmospheric turbulence disrupts the integrity of the plume. At this point the plume ceases to rise. This... 

In the vertical plane of the cyclone, two important lines may be obtained that determine the fate of the particle in the cyclone. One is the equilibrium line (Fig. 13.4), which may be obtained from Eq. (13.23), and the other is the line of zero vertical fluid velocity, which is obtained from Eq. (13.9) as follows ... 

Occupied zone The volume of air confined by horizontal and vertical planes defined to include space occupied by persons. 

Calculate the view factor using the equation given in Appendix A for a vertical plane surface emitter, or else read the view factor from Table A-2 of Appendix A for the appropriate X and fi. This results in F = 0.062 for each portion of the flame surface, and implies a total view factor of... 

In the case of a vertical plane surface, it is assumed that the emitter and receiver are parallel to each other. The view factor is calculated from the sum of view factors from surface I and surface II (see Figure A-5). Surfaces I and II are defined as those to the left and the right of a plane through the center of the receiver and perpendicular to the intersections of the receiver with the ground. 

The assumptions made in tlie development of Eq. 12.6.1 are (1) tlie plume spretid lias a Gaussian distribution in both tlie horizontal and vertical planes witli standard deviations of plume concentration distribution in the horizontal and vertical of Oy and respectively (2) tlie emission rate of pollutants Q is uniform (3) total reflection of tlie plume takes place at tlie eartli s surface and (4) tlie plume moves downwind with mean wind speed u. Altliough any consistent set of units may be used, tlie cgs system is preferred. 

The rotation axis of highest order is called the principal axis of rotation it is usually placed in the vertical direction and designated the z-axis of the molecule. Planes of reflection which are perpendicular to the principal axis are called horizontal planes (h). Planes of reflection which contain the principal axis are called vertical planes (v), or dihedral planes (d) if they bisect 2 twofold axes. 

Veitikal-achse, /. vertical axis, -bewegung, /, vertical motion, -ebene, /, vertical plane, -lage, /. vertical position, -schnitt, m. vertical section. 

The use of multinozzle injection machines. In general, this type of machine has a horizontal reciprocating screw that feeds four injection nozzles each connected to a single cavity mold thus minimizing waste. However, one concern with this approach is the need to have the mold accurately lined up (the top and bottom surfaces of the mold will be in the vertical plane) to eliminate compound leakage at the nozzle/mold interface. 

Arabs develop a windmill in which the pad-dlewheel revolves in the vertical plane. 

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