Rivets, application

Explosion-welded constmction has equivalent or better properties than the more compHcated riveted systems. Peripheral benefits include weight savings and perfect electrical grounding. In addition to lower initial installation costs, the welded system requires tittle or no maintenance and, therefore minimizes life-cycle costs. Applications of stmctural transition joints include aluminum superstmctures that are welded to decks of naval vessels and commercial ships as illustrated in Figure 11. 

Application. A company has received a very large shipment of rivets. One product specification required that no more than 2 percent of the rivets have diameters greater than 14.28 mm. Any rivet with a diameter greater than this would be classified as defective. A random sample of 600 was selected and... 

The first type of bonded design for this application was the beaded doubler panel (Fig. 28). This design was fairly successful at addressing the problems with simple riveted structure but had two primary drawbacks. The area under the beads remained a single thickness sheet and was still prone to fatigue. Reducing the unbonded areas under the beads was not a solution because it reduced the overall stiffness of the panel. Secondly, tooling for these panels was complex and not very robust. Autoclave pressure applied to the beaded areas of the doubler would cause them to collapse, so thick frames were fabricated with cutouts for the beads to protect them. A rubber layer bonded to the surface of the frames... 

In this section we will present considerations that can be used to evaluate the environmental compatibility of solvents. The considerations are based on the Aberdeen/Green Seal Standard for Certification of Cleaning/Degreasing Agents for Steel and Alnmi-num, which was promulgated in the spring of 1999. While the standard is applicable to the cleaning industry, it rivets our attention to appropriate areas in which to evalnate solvents and solvent use. 

USP 2387742 (1945)[Several novel types of expl rivets are described. Application of the principle of using expls not only to expl rivets, but to any expl metal connecting element (such as bolts, bars, pins rods) for fastening one or more articles. Also a list of expl compns used in expl rivets is given] 6)L.A-Bu rrow c... 

USP 2410047 (1946) (Various expl rivets and other explosively blasting joints) 8)F.F.Huston et al, USP 2412886 and 2412887 (1945) (Application of the principle of expl rivets in the construction of locomotive boilers. It is claimed that completely fluid-tight joints may be produced by expanding the ends of stay bolts thru the use of expl chges) 9)L.A.Burrows W.E. 

In 1937 rivets containing a small explosive charge in their shanks were constructed (Aircraft Factory Heinkel and Rheinisch-Westphalische Sprengstoff A. G. [131]). The composition of the explosive mixture is so selected that a slight explosion occurs on heating the head of the rivet with a hot iron. The explosion causes an expansion of the shank thus fixing the rivet in place. Explosive rivets have found wide application primarily for riveting aircraft components in which rivets are not accessible from both sides of the riveted surface. 

Only one of the acetylides(cuprous acetylide) has found application in industry as an ingredient of electric detonators. Some acetylides, as for instance, that of silver, arc probably suitable for use in primers and detonators. They also may be incorporated in LA-based compositions for expl rivets in order to reduce their ignition point(Ref 6) According to Sax(Ref 6) the toxicity of acetylides is unknown, but their expln hazards are considered to be the same as those of fulminates and azides. The acetylides must be handled with extreme care and In storage they must be kept cool and wet. Metal powders, such as finely divided Cu or Ag, should be excluded. Shipping regulations are the same as for other primary and initiating explosives Refs l)Beil 1,238-40,(104 6),[217-20] ... 

Another widespread application for flake zinc pigments is the coating of small articles with complex shapes (e.g., screws, steel springs, bolts, rivets) and for special anticorrosive paints (Section 5.2.11.1). 

A recent successful application of carbon/carbon composites is the tool for superplastic forging of titanium illustrated by Figure 6 tubes up to 1.5 m in length can be forged at temperatures up to 1000°C, thus offering a rapid alternative fabrication technique to present production methods, e.g., riveted tubes (15). Contact brushes for electrical commutators, made with carbon fibers and carbon/carbon composites (16), are opening another new field of application. Furthermore, pistons in diesel engines have been proposed to be made from carbon/carbon composites (17). 

Where neither a load-carrying component nor a less critical component can be completely manufactured from the reservoir material, a useful alternative is to bond, rivet or press composite onto the surface of a metal component, or to incorporate inserts of the composite in a machine component. Many applications of this technique have been developed, and a few examples will serve to illustrate it. 

The most advanced machine vision systems typically involve acquisition and interpretation of three-dimensional information. These systems often require more sophisticated illumination and processing techniques than one- and two-dimensional systems, but their results can be riveting. These scanners can characterize an object s shape three-dimensionally to tolerances of far less than a millimeter. This allows them to do things such as identify three-dimensional object orientation (important for assembly applications), check for subtle surface deformations in high precision machined parts, and generate detailed surface maps used by computer-controlled machining systems to create clones of the scanned object. 

These are iron- and copper-based inorganic friction materials used for severe applications like tractor clutches, train, and aircraft brakes. Sintered metallic formulations contain lubricants like graphite, abrasives, and other property modifiers held together by metal binders like copper and iron. Sintered friction materials are normally fabricated as buttons that are riveted or fused to a carrier plate or cup. These friction materials are well suited for heavy-duty applications and find use in either dry or oil-immersed applications. 

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