Metal connectivity

The Berlin City electrical engineer M. Kallmann reported in 1899 on a system for controlling stray currents of electric railways [64]. As early as 1894, the Board of Trade in London issued a safety regulation for the British electric railways which specified a potential differential of not more than 1.5 V where the pipeline was positive to the rails, but 4.5 V with the rails positive. Extensive research was undertaken on reducing the risk of stray current in the soil by metallic connections from pipes to rails. However, as one writer noted, a procedure on these lines should definitely be discouraged as it carries the seed of its own destruction [64]. 

Taxonomy No. 3.2.1.4 Equipment Description PIPING SYSTEMS- METAL-CONNECTIONS ... 

Another application of the Seebeck effect is to be found ill detectors of small quantities of heat radiation. These sensitive detectors comprise a thermopile, a pile of thermocoup)les (small pieces of two different metals connected in V form and put into series). Half of the junctions of the thermopile are shielded within the detector, whereas the other half are exposed to... 

Direct Electric Drainage a means of electric drainage comprising the employment of permanent metallic connections. 

Groundbed in cathodic protection of underground structures, a buried mass of inert material (e.g. carbon), or scrap metal connected to the positive terminal of a source of e.m.f. to a structure. 

Polarised Electric Drainage a means of electric drainage comprising the employment of metallic connections between the underground cable system and the traction return circuit, with the insertion of a unidirectional system (rectifier or contactor and relays) in the connections. 

Slater, J. C., Phys. Rev. 35, 509, "Cohesion in monovalent metals." Connection between molecular-orbital and valence-... 

Among special chemical methods that facilitate the Diels-Alder reaction can be included the temporary metal connection strategy [101] that is illustrated in Table 4.27. Si, Mg and A1 are used as temporary connectors of diene and dienophile moieties. The cycloaddition occurs easily due to its intramolecular nature and because the dienophilic component of reagent is now formally a vinyl carbon ion (i.e. a vinyl carbanion in 154 with M = AlEt ). Thus the metal-tethered 154, prepared from lithium alkoxide of 153 with the suitable metal vinyl halide, gives, by heating, the cycloadducts 156 and 157, through the... 

Table 4.27 Diels-Alder reactions by temporary metal connection...

If a diffusion barrier is required, then a titanium/nitride (Ti/TiN) is used. This counteracts the tendency of most metals to diffuse through a given structure, particularly if the layers are composed of several different t rpes of metals, connections. 

Dendrimers Assembled via Metal Connectivity at Multiple Sites... 

Many clusters contain metal-metal bonds, and these are counted by contributing one electron to each metal connected. Some simple examples in Figure 1.9 illustrate application of the rules. 

Fig. 4.13. Temperature distribution along a metal connection path (path 1) and a heater contact arm (path 2)...

Noble metal connections can reduce the corrosion to an "acceptable" level. This assumption is not true for leads which enter the package from sensors such as micro-electrodes which are characterized by relatively high impedances. The trend for neuroprosthe-tio devices is towards closed-loop control in which the use of high impedance bioelectric sensors will be common. In addition, differing potentials within multi-circuit cables can result in corrosion even when the conductors are fabricated from highly corrosion resistant materials such as MP35N. 

Saccharides carbohydrates Sacrificial Anode in cathodic protection, the metal connected to the structure to be protected that is more readily oxidized than the structure... 

USP 2387742 (1945)[Several novel types of expl rivets are described. Application of the principle of using expls not only to expl rivets, but to any expl metal connecting element (such as bolts, bars, pins rods) for fastening one or more articles. Also a list of expl compns used in expl rivets is given] 6)L.A-Bu rrow c... 

We have defined the emf of a cell in terms of the difference of the electrical potential in two identical pieces of metal connected to the two electrodes when the cell is at equilibrium. In the same manner we can define the standard emf of the cell as the difference of electrical potential in two identical pieces of metal connected to the electrodes when the cell is at equilibrium and all reacting species are in their standard states, so... 

Sulfur dioxide forms complexes, and five different modes for metal connection by this ligand have been documented they are given by 75-77 ... 

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