Rice moth

Male-produced sex pheromones of the Brazilian soybean stink bugs, Euschistus heros and Piezodorous guildinli, are methyl-2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate and methyl-2,6,10-trimethyldodeacanoate respectively. These two compounds were synthesized as a mixture of stereoisomers. Another synthesis for the sex pheromone of the male stink bug Euschistus heros, along with the synthesis of the pheromone of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica, has been reported. 

Rice moth Grain beetles Tropical warehouse moth Psocids... 

Navel orange worm Dried fruit beetle Rice moth Codling moth Oasis dates moth Tropical warehouse moth... 

The wax moth, Galleria mellonella, in addition to requiring fat in the diet, requires at least thiamine and nicotinic acid, and the rice moth, Gorcyra cephalonica requires thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine in addition to unidentified factors. 

Phenazine-l-carboxamide (137) is known as oxychlororaphine and has been isolated from cultures of Pseudomonas chlororaphisit has some limited inhibitory properties, but the inhibitory action of phenazines is generally disappointing. Some phenazine derivatives have insecticidal properties thus, phenazine itself has been found to be toxic to the clothes moth, the Hawaiian beet webworm, the rice weevil and larva of the codling moth, but under trial conditions its toxicity to plant material, as evidenced by severe burning of foliage, was found to be too high to make it of practical value. 

Cogbum, R.R. and Vick, K.W. 1981. Distribution of angoumois grain moth, almond moth, and indian meal moth in rice fields and rice storage in Texas as indicated by pheromone-baited adhesive traps. Environ. Entomol. 10, 1003-1007. 

LeCato, G.L. 1975. Red flour beetle Population growth on diets of com, wheat, rice or shelled peanuts supplemented with eggs or adults of the Indianmeal moth. J. Econ. Entomol. 68, 763-765. 

NT441 Zao, S. H., and X. Zhang. On the antifeedant and toxicities of natural organic insecticides against snout moth s larva of rice. Chin J Agr Sci 1982 1982(2) 55-60. 

Trichlorfon is mostly used to kill mangold fly larvae it is also very efficient against the dangerous rice weevil, which can destroy whole harvests. Trichlorfon is successfully used in viticulture (to kill grapevine moths) and pomiculture (to kill apple, pear and plum sawflies, apple ermine moths and gooseberry sawflies). Trichlorfon is very efficient in cot-ton-growing (to kill cotton worms). The low toxicity of trichlorfon for warm-blooded animals accounts for its use in veterinary medicine to combat parasites on large animals. 

For species whose larvae are specialist feeders, finding suitable plants for oviposition is of great importance. Com earworm moths, Heliothis armigera, will oviposit on twine impregnated with an extract of com silk (15.). The rice stemborer, Chilo oleiadellus. female will be attracted to and oviposit near a component of rice plants identified as p-methylacetophenone (16). Some of these oviposition attractants are contact materials and, thus, are probably of no use in practical applications. This is the case for many of the butterflies of the Nymphalid family. The Indian butterfly, Papilio demoleus. seems to require some non-volatile component in citrus leaves to induce oviposition, although it seems to be attracted, at least partially, to the odor of the leaves (17.). 

Cartap hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum insecticide used for control of coleopterous, lepidopterous, and sucking insects, especially Colorado potato beetles, diamondback moths, rice stem borers, and thrips on rice and vegetables. Its oral LD30 in rats is 345 mg/kg. 

Biochemical basis of susceptibility or resistance of rice varieties to C. suppressalis has been studied in detail at IRRI recently (18). Allelochemics, mainly plant volatiles, were obtained from the ground leaf sheath tissue by steam distillation. The distillate was extracted with diethyl ether and after vacuum evaporation, a yellow oily residue was recovered which had the characteristic odor of each respective variety. The oily extracts of Rexoro (susceptible) and VTKM6V (resistant) varieties were tested as such, or as acid, basic, and neutral fractions for eliciting SSB moth s orientational and ovipositional responses. The whole extracts were also assayed for their effects on SSB eggs, larvae, and pupae. 

The above results point to qualitative and quantitative differences between the allelochemics of SSB-susceptible and resistant varieties. The insect s greater preference for egglaying on Rexoro can be attributed to the presence of attractant factor(s) and ovipo-sition inducer(s) in the acid fraction and absence of repellents and oviposition inhibitors in the basic and neutral fractions. In contrast, whatever little oviposition inducer(s) the TKM6 acid fraction has, its effect is masked by the inhibitors in the neutral and basic fractions. It also explains the total reversal in ovipositional behavior of SSB moths on TKM6 plants treated with Rexoro extracts and vice versa. It may become possible to use these chemicals for interrupting SSB moth s oviposition on a rice crop, or alternatively make a trap crop so attractive that SSB moths lay all eggss on it. 

FIG. 1. Orientational and ovipositional responses of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, moths on paper strips treated with ether extract of steam distillates of resistant (TKM6) and susceptible (Rexoro) rice varieties. 

Rice, R., and Kirsch, P. (1990). Mating Disraption of Oriental Fruit Moth in the United States. In Behavior-Modifying Chemicals for Insect Management Applications of Pheromones and Other Attractants, ed. Richard L. Ridgway, Robert M. Silver-stein, and May N. Inscoe. New York Marcel Dekker. 

Baker TC, Mafra-Neto A, Dittl T, Rice MA (1997) Novel controlled release device for disrupting sex pheromone communication in moths. IOBC/wprs Bulletin 20 141-149... 

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