Insects management

R. L. Ridgway, R. M. Silversteia, and M. N. Inscoe, Behavior-Modfying Chemicals for Insect Management, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990. 

Arbogast, R.T. 1984. Biological control of stored-product insects Status and prospects. In Insect Management for Food Storage and Processing (F.J. Baur, ed.), pp. 226-238. American Association of Cereal Chemists. 

Burkholder, W.E. 1990. Practical use of phermones and other attractants for stored-product insects. In Behavior-Modifying Chemicals for Insect Management Applications of Phermones and Other Attractants (R.L. Ridgway, R.M. Silverstein, and M.N. Inscoe, eds), pp. 497-516. Dekker, New York. 

Despite their critical importance in mediating insect behaviors, we still know very little about the detailed roles and mechanisms of insect cuticular lipids as signal molecules, in part because it is not immediately obvious how such signals could be manipulated and exploited for insect management, as is done with the more well-known volatile sex attract-ant pheromones. Even for the comparatively few species that have been examined in any detail, there are large gaps in our knowledge, for several reasons. 

The most intensive effort to use pheromones in insect management has been in Australia, where an attract-and-kill strategy has been developed for protecting stone fruit crops. Historically, the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta Busck, was the major stone fruit pest, and heavy insecticide applications kept both this moth and, coincidentally, the Carpophilus beetles at acceptable levels. However, the widespread adoption of pheromone-based mating disruption for G. molesta control released the Carpophilus beetles from insecticide pressure, and these beetles, Ca. davidsoni in particular, became the dominant stone fruit pests (James et al., 1994). Late applications of broad-spectrum insecticides often... 

A number of the formulations containing pheromones have now been registered by the Environmental Protection Agency for specific use in insect management programs. 

Am, H. 1990. Pheromones Prophecies, economic.s, and the ground swell, in Behaviour-modifying chemicals for insect management applications of pheromones and other attractants, Ridgway RE, Silversiein RM, Inscoe MN (eds.), pp. 717-722. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Ridgway RL, Silverstein RM, Inscoe MN 1990 Behavior-modifying chemicals for insect management applications of pheromones and other attractants. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

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