Rhines

L. Rhenus, Rhine) Discovery of rhenium is generally attributed to Noddack, Tacke, and Berg, who announced in 1925 they had detected the element in platinum ore and columbite. They also found the element in gadolinite and molybdenite. By working up 660 kg of molybdenite in 1928 they were able to extract 1 g of rhenium. 

Not containing obvious sugar California (etc) dry white table wines (chabHs, rhine, etc), Buarger, Colombard, Ugni blanc (Trebbiano), etc... 

In the most recent and comprehensive study, 230 measurements from 11 sampling points along 225 km of the Rhine and adjoining rivers were made over a period of one year (1991—1992). The concentration of DEHP found varied from 0.11 to 10.3 )-lg/L the latter value is unusually high as evidenced by the mean concentration of only 0.82 )-lg/L (55). 

REIST Aerosol Science and Technology, Second Edition RHINE, TUCKER Modeling of Gas-Fired Furnaces and Boilers and Other Industrial Heating Processes ROSSITER Waste Minimization Through Process Design SAMDANI Safety and Risk Management Tools and Techniques in the CPI... 

The waters through which ships travel are categorized by their salt content. The following are approximate values seawater, 3.0 to 4.0% salt coastal brackish water, 1.0 to 3.0% river brackish water, 0.5 to 1.8% salty river water, 0.05 to 0.5% river water, <0.05%. Seawater mainly contains NaCl. The salt content is approximately 1.8 times the chloride ion content. The salt content of the world s oceans is almost the same. Different salt contents can occur in more enclosed seas [e.g., the Adriatic (3.9%), Red Sea (4.1%) and the Baltic (1.0%)]. Table 17-1 gives as an example average analyses for seawater and the Rhine River. 

Table 17-1 Composition and average concentrations of chemicals in seawater and Rhine River water (Duisburg)...

The first detailed book to describe the practice and theory of stereology was assembled by two Americans, DeHoff and Rhines (1968) both these men were famous practitioners in their day. There has been a steady stream of books since then a fine, concise and very clear overview is that by Exner (1996). In the last few years, a specialised form of microstructural analysis, entirely dependent on computerised image analysis, has emerged - fractal analysis, a form of measurement of roughness in two or three dimensions. Most of the voluminous literature of fractals, initiated by a mathematician, Benoit Mandelbrot at IBM, is irrelevant to materials science, but there is a sub-parepisteme of fractal analysis which relates the fractal dimension to fracture toughness one example of this has been analysed, together with an explanation of the meaning of fractal dimension , by Cahn (1989). 

DeHofI, R.T. and Rhines, F.N. (eds.) (1968) Quantitative Microscopy (McGraw-Hill, New York). 

The Rijnmond area is that part of the Rhine delta between Rotterdam and the North Sea. The Commission for the Safety of the Population at large (COVO) commissioned the study for six chemicals and the operations associated with them acrylonitrile, liquid ammonia, liquid chlorine, LNG, propylene, and part of a separation process (diethanolamine stripper of a hydrodesulfurizer). The study objectives were to evaluate methods of risk assessment and obtain experience with practical applications of these methods. The results were to be used to decide to what extent such methods can be used in formulating safety policy. The study was not concerned with the acceptability of risk or the acceptability of risk reducing measures. 

A cargo barge travels up the Rhine. Though weather conditions can affect timeliness, the economies of scale usually make water transport cheaper than rail. (Corbis Corporation)... 

Solid points Measured in oxidation Rhines and Connel 1 (1977 ) AAtkinson et al (1982 )... 

Parkes Absorbent for Nitroglycerin. Materials patented in 1898 by Parkes, manufd by Chem-ische Fabrik at Winkel-on-Rhine, Ger, for use in Dynamites as absorbents for NG in lieu of the previously used kieselguhr. The absorbents were rubber-llke materials, prepd by the action of sulfur chloride, S2C12, on vegetable oils. It was claimed at the time that Dynamites prepd with Parkes absorbent were so insensitive, they could be used for loading shells... 

Fig. 15-7 Relationship between dissolved and total heavy metal concentrations in several rivers. Cross-hatched bands represent range of values from the Ruhr (Imhoff et ah, 1980) W and F represent winter and fall values at a selected station in the Mississippi (Eisenreich et ah, 1980) Triangles represent values from the Rhine river (Davis, 1984).

Sacher F, Ehmann F, Gabriel S, Graf C, Branch FU (2008) Pharmaceutical residues in the river Rhine-results of one-decade monitoring programme. J Environ Monit 10(5) 664-670... 

Stotts AL, Schmitz JM, Rhoades HM, et al Motivational interviewing with cocaine-dependent patients a pilot study. J Consult Clin Psychol 69 858-862, 2001 Volpicelli J, Rhines KC, Rhines JS, et al Naltrexone and alcohol dependence role of subjecr compliance. Arch Gen Psychiarry 54 737—742, 1997 Wilk Al, Jensen NM, Havighurst TC Mera-analysis of randomized control trials addressing brief inrervenrions in heavy alcohol drinkers.) Gen Inrern Med 12 274— 283, 1997... 

Adsorption is also important in aquatic systems. For example, 82-85% of the endosulfan residues in water samples taken from the Rhine River (0.2-0.6 ppb) were associated with the particulate phase (Greve and Wit 1971). 

Greve PA, Wit SL. 1971. Endosulfan in the Rhine River. J Water Pollut Control Fed 43 2338-2348. 

The research reported here was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemein-schajt (DFG), the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the State of North Rhine Westphalia (Bennigsen Foerder award for M. K.). Thanks are due to all the students who did the experimental work and whose names appear in the references. Thanks are also due to Prof Dr. G. Henkel (University of Paderborn), and especially to Prof Dr. J.D. Corbett (Ames, lA, USA). 

Bosma TNP, FHM Cottaar, MS Posthumus, CJ Teunis, A van Veidhuizen, G Schraa, AJB Zehnder (1994) Comparison of reductive dechlorination of hexachloro-l,3-butadiene in Rhine sediments and model systems with hydroxocobalamin. Environ Sci Technol 28 1124-1128. 

The anaerobic dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene has been described in anaerobic mixed cultures supplemented with electron donors including lactate, ethanol, or glucose (Holliger et al. 1992) successive and partial dechlorination produced 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzenes, while the 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene was further dechlorinated. The partial dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-tetra-, 1,2,3,5-tetra-, and pentachlorobenzene has been examined in a methanogenic mixed culture using lactate as electron donor (Middeldorp et al. 1997), and sterile Rhine River sand was needed to maintain dechlorination activity for unresolved reasons. 

Snow RJ, Abeywardane A, Campbell S, Lord J, Kashem MA, Rhine HH, King J, Kowalski JA, Pullen SS, Roma T, Roth GP, Sarko CR, Wilson NS, Winters MP, Wolak JP, Cywin CL (2007) Bioorg Med Chem Lett 17 3660... 

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