Patentable materials

This book concentrates on synthesis and identification methods for molecular sieves including nonaluminosilicate molecular sieves and gives a good overview of structures and patented materials. 

In terms of the process, very little has been achieved. The mass transfer limitations still exist although emulsification has solved the problem partially, but not without creating another problem downstream in separation of the product from the rest of the stream and the issue still needs further work. The IP portfolio contains very few real process concepts. The patented material refers to a BDS process several times, but the process referred to, is no more than a simple description of the pH, temperature, etc., and the particular use of a given biocatalyst in an application. Some protected subject matter concerns the integration of a bioprocess into the flow sheet of the refinery, but again those are no more than theoretical scheme proposed for implementation, with no actual evidence with real feedstocks. 

The glassy carbon electrode (a patented material) is particularly suitable for non-aqueous solvents. Its main properties are that it is isotropic, impermeable to gases, resistant to chemical attack and has high conductivity. 

When asphalt-rubber (wet process) is applied to pavements, the tires come from the neighborhood of the nearest shredding/grinding facility. Because A-R is a patented material, there are only a limited number of shredding companies that supply rubber for this process. Some state government officials have indicated concern about whether waste tires from their own state can be used, as opposed to those tires near the present shredders, which might be located in another state. 

Table 15.3 Patentable and non-patentable material according to Article 10, IX, and Article 18, III, of the Brazilian Industrial Property Law...

Federal courts have determined that researchers may use patented materials and processes for noncommercial scientific inquiry, but that any research related to a possible commercial product constitutes a patent infringement. Hence, the originator may conduct R D activities on follow-on products, while all other competitors must wait until any relevant patents expire before beginning to develop their own (452). 

Little information is available about the long term behavior of the filler substances when immersed in sea water and under irradiation. Bitumen is known to become brittle and crack below room temperature. As Furfurol(F) is a patented material, information about its composition and behavior was not available to the Group, and long term behavior is, in any case, difficult to predict. It is known to be a mixture of the following constituents epoxy resin, amine type solidifier, mineral filler, shale distillate and furfuryl alcohol [26]. An effective lifetime of SOO years is quoted in the White Book [1] for this material. 

A similar set of materials has been produced by Springsteen and coworkers at Labsphere. Known as Spectralon WCS standards, the patented materials are each of the three rare earth oxides used in NIST SRM-1920 sintered into a fluorocarbon matrix. As with the Verrill ceramic standard, the positions of some of the peaks are slightly shifted from that of the unprocessed powders. Although the cause of these peak shifts is unknown, it is likely due to some change in the lattice of the oxides when heated to the temperatures needed to process the ceramics or sintered fluorocarbons. 

The use of patented materials for research does not usually demand any license... 

Other material from government and other agencies both in the United States and abroad. The Patent Office Library not only has enormous collections of American and foreign patent material but has extensive stocks of books and journals in science and technology which provide excellent services to the examiners of the Patent Office and to the general public. These services include the provision of translators. 

Chemical structures in patents fall broadly into two types specific compounds and Markush structures. The term Markush Structure refers to a generic structure that appears in patent claims, and typically encompasses a broad family of potential compounds well beyond any specific compounds named or exemplified in the patent. Thus, Markush structures in patents contain prophetic material, but this material can be used as prior art against others. Therefore, the indexing and searching of Markush chemical structures in patents is extremely important. The patent offices from all major countries and patent issuing authorities (e.g., the European Patent Office) recognize Markush claims as patentable material. 

Amcor and Plantic Technologies (both from Australia) have teamed up to develop biodegradable, flexible plastic packaging for confectionary. Plantic will provide its patented material, a plastic created from plants that dissolves rapidly on contact with water. Plantic is based on corn flour, a renewable and biodegrad-... 

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