Rhine River, cadmium

Figure 4-4 Population Density and Cadmium Concentration in the Catchment Area of the Rhine River (after Heinrichs, 1975)...

During the last decade, considerable changes in the pollution status of the Rhine River, particularly with respect to heavy metals have taken place. Figure 4-6 presents the example of cadmium and mercury discharges in the Rhine River at the German/Dutch border. Discharges of cadmium have decreased from 250 tons in 1971 to approximately 50 tons in 1983. Mercury is even more effectively reduced from 100 tons to approximately 10 tons during this period (Malle, 1985). 

Elgersma et al. 1992, Emission Factors for Aqueous Industrial Cadmium Emissions in the Rhine River Basin A Historical Reconstruction for the Period 1970-1988, Edited Proceedings Seventh International Cadmium Conference - New Orleans, Cadmium Association (London), Cadmium Council (Reston VA) and International Lead Zinc Research Organization (Research Triangle ParkNC). 

Nolet, B.A., V.A.A. Dijkstra, and D. Heidecke. 1994. Cadmium in beavers translocated from the Elbe River to the Rhine/Meuse estuary, and the possible effect on population growth rate. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27 154-161. 

Duinker, J. C., and C. J. M. Kramer (1977), An Experimental Study on the Speciation of Dissolved Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, and Copper in River Rhine and North Sea water, by Differential Pulsed Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, Marine Chem. 5, 207 228. 

Duinker, J.C. and Kramer, C.J.M., 1977. An experimental study on the speciation of dissolved zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in River Rhine and North Sea water by differential pulsed anodic stripping voltammetry. Mar. Chem., 5 207—228. 

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