Rheumatoid arthritis chemokine expression

Galligan C, Matsuyama W, Matsukawa A, et al. Up-regulated expression and activation of the orphan chemokine receptor, CCRL2, in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004 50 1806-1814. 

Finally, Santiago et al. (47) demonstrated that lymphocyte chemoattraction induced by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid is independent of CCR5. They showed that T cells from individuals with CCR5 delta 32 mutation (a 32-base-pair frameshift deletion resulting in absent CCR5 expression) migrate normally to chemokines present in the synovial fluids of RA patients (47). 

Haringman JJ, Smeets TJ, Reinders-Blankert P, Tak PP. Chemokine and chemo-kine receptor expression in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and reactive arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006 65(3) 294-300. 

Katschke KJ Jr, Rottman JB, Ruth JH, et al. Differential expression of chemokine receptors on peripheral blood, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue monocytes/mac-rophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001 44(5) 1022-1032. 

Robinson E, Keystone EC, Schall TJ, Gillett N, Fish EN. Chemokine expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) evidence of RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-l beta production by synovial T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1995 101(3) 398-107. 

Borzi RM, Mazzetti I, Macor S, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular chemokines in chondrocytes in vivo constitutive expression and enhancement in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. FEBS Lett 1999 455(3) 238-242. 

Katrib A, Tak PP, Bertouch JV, et al. Expression of chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases in early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001 40(9) 988-994. 

Page G, Miossec P. Paired synovium and lymph nodes from rheumatoid arthritis patients differ in dendritic cell and chemokine expression. J Pathol 2004 204(1) 28-38. 

Blaschke S, Middel P, Domer BG, et al. Expression of activation-induced, T cell-derived, and chemokine-related cytokine/lymphotactin and its functional role in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003 48(7) 1858-1872. 

Chemokines regulate the migration of cells in vivo and dysregulated expression of chemokines and their receptors are implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory arthritides, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory cells into joints. The K/BxN serum transfer mouse model of inflammatory arthritis shares many similar features with RA. In this autoantibody-induced model of arthritis, neutrophils are the critical immune cells necessary for the development of joint inflammation and damage. In this review, we describe the use of several methods to study the role of chemoattractant receptors, including chemokine receptors, on the recruitment of neutrophils into the joint in the K/BxN model of inflammatory arthritis. This includes both traditional methods, such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme assays, as well as multiphoton in vivo microscopy that we have adapted to study the role of immune cell trafficking in and around the joint in live mice. 

Part II of the book explores the role of chemokines in a variety of chronic and acute inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and organ transplant rejection. These topics are discussed through a presentation of the pathogenesis of the disease, using a wide range of clinically relevant animal models of the disease, as well as the examination of chemokine expression in clinical samples. 

---