Rework-free

The benefits discussed earlier fall into two areas the time-value of information and the improvement in laboratory productivity. Assessing the benefits of the time-value of information requires examination of the total process through which that information will be used. For example, using data such as the turnaround time, rate at which material is produced, its value, and losses attributable to scrap or rework, one can estimate the savings. Similarly, knowing the average labor, overhead, and General and Administrative (G A) costs allows one to convert productivity improvements in the lab to dollar values of equivalent labor made free for more productive uses. 

Anhydrous lactose is a free-flowing crystalline /3-lactose without water of hydration, first described in the literature in 1966.33 It is available in a white crystalline powder that has good flowability and high compactibility. Anhydrous lactose can be reworked or milled, resulting in a smaller loss of compactibility than with other forms of lactose (due to its high fragmentation propensity). Table 7.4 lists the physical properties of the product. The product is very suitable for moisture-sensitive chug formulations. 

The bromate method, however, has been found to be admirably suited for laboratory-scale operations but not for large quantities because of the expense. It presents three very definite advantages over the other methods first, no extraneous materials are introduced into the precipitate second, the solution is rendered practically free from cerium in a minimum of operations and, third, the basic cerium-(IV) nitrate so obtained is practically free from other rare earths. Little or no reworking of the precipitate is necessary in order to obtain a cerium compound of high purity, and only very small amounts of the other rare earths are carried out of the solution. 

Wang, Z. Xie, M Zhao, Y. Yu, Y. Fang, S. (2003). Synthesis and properties of novel liquid ester-free reworkable cycloaliphatic diepoxides for electronic packaging application. Polymer, Vol.44, No.4, 0anuary 2003), pp.923-929, ISSN 0(B2-3861. 

Returned vehicles and shipping containers frequently are emptied before reuse or to allow maintenance and revalving. Once the operators have established that the chlorine is free of dangerous contaminants, they can rework it at a rate determined by the capability of the process. While the chlorine is nearly always dry and often at or above process pressure, it is a common practice to introduce it to the inlet of the chlorine dryers. Its rate of entry into the process must be limited, and Section 11.3.2.3B describes the need for control and protective systems. 

There are several advantages associated with the laser welding of garments. The external texture and appearance of the fabric is retained, strong air and waterproof seams can be made efficiently, production is fast and almost fume free, and the colour of the parent materials is unaffected by welding. The process is also amenable to automation, and multiple layers can be welded in one pass. On the downside, some fabrics need to be precoated with absorber, production usually requires investment in new equipment, and repair and rework can be difficult. 

Pb-Free Solders. The equipment types described in the preceding sections are often combined to form an electronics assembly line. The term line implies that the equipment is physically located end to end, thereby allowing for the movement of circuit boards between the different functions or stations. Although this scenario is, in fact, typically the case, it need not always be so. Under some circumstances, it may be advantageous to locate some stations a distance away others on the shop floor, thus requiring operators to move product between the two sites on wheeled racks. This is usually the case with inspection and repair/rework functions as well as for some cleaning processes due to health or safety concerns. The setup and hence the flow of a product assembly process are referred to as the (assembly) line architecture. 

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