Turnaround Times

The final velocity of these two ions will be the same, but their final flight times will differ by the above turnaround time, This results in a broadening of the TOF distributions for each ion mass, and is anotiier limiting factor when considering the mass (time) resolution of the instrument. 

Since a standard additions calibration curve is constructed in the sample, it cannot be extended to the analysis of another sample. Each sample, therefore, requires its own standard additions calibration curve. This is a serious drawback to the routine application of the method of standard additions, particularly in laboratories that must handle many samples or that require a quick turnaround time. For example, suppose you need to analyze ten samples using a three-point calibration curve. For a normal calibration curve using external standards, only 13 solutions need to be analyzed (3 standards and 10 samples). Using the method of standard additions, however, requires the analysis of 30 solutions, since each of the 10 samples must be analyzed three times (once before spiking and two times after adding successive spikes). 

Because the production of magnesium is a large-scale iadustrial process, fast and rehable methods for magnesium analysis have been developed for the quick turnaround times necessary ia a production foundry (76,77). Referee methods which are more time consuming but have larger ranges and greater accuracy compared to the production methods have also been developed (78). 

Other Sterilants. Sterilization methods, developed in response to the requirements of a low temperature, noncorrosive stedlant and rapid turnaround time required by most hospitals, include use of hydrogen peroxide vapor, hydrogen peroxide plasma, and peroxy acetic acid. Acceptance of these methods was not universal as of this writing (ca 1996). 

Construction is similar to that of other drum filters, except that vacuum is applied to the entire rotation. Before feeding slurry a precoat layer of filter aid or other suitable solids, 75 to 125 mm (3 to 5 in) thick, is apphed. The feed slurry is introduced and trapped in the outer surface of the precoat, where it is removed by a progressively advancing doctor knife which trims a thin layer of solids plus precoat (Fig. 18-126). The blade advances 0.05 to 0.2 mm (0.002 to 0.008 in) per revolution of the drum. When the precoat has been cut to a predefined minimum thickness, the filter is taken out of service, was ned, and freshly precoated. This turnaround time may be 1 to 3 h. 

When customers maintain small inventories, truck dehveiy is often used, provided the location of the supply point is nearby, usually 550 km (300 mi) or less, and dehveries are frequent. If, however, a user maintains large inventories, dehveries are ordinarily made by rail. Other parameters influencing choice are transportation cost operating costs of suppher loading facihties customer receiving and unloading facilities turnaround time for the container and the num-... 

Effective procedure training not only affects process safety, it also affects quality. Process yields, batch turnaround time, and equipment cleaning are all enhanced when the procedures are technically accurate and fully understood by the crews. 

Examining the feasibility of increasing the charging amounts or shortening turnaround times for batches might be the reason for testing. Both of these items can raise issues that potentially affect process safety. 

In current practice the fluorescence assay is often followed by the use of hybridization techniques when more selectivity is required. We have for instance used the fluorescence techniques to obtain data on the nucleic acid content of malaria vaccine proteins produced in Escherichia coli. The rapid turnaround time of the fluorescence assay is particularly useful during the early stages of purification to determine the optimal process conditions. After the final process has been arrived at and a variety of methods used to assess the nucleic acid content (including the hybridization techniques), the fluorescence method can be developed for routine quality-control purposes. In certain cases, particularly at high protein concentrations, the dye may bind to the protein with... 

For the most part, however, there was slow development in computers and their availability. The systems were only available at large institutional centers, with limited access, essentially no storage space, and often very long turnaround time on calculations, waiting days for even the smallest calculations to be completed. 

Performance constraints, in terms of operating cost, product turnaround time, and others. 

Several methods are available for the analysis of trichloroethylene in biological media. The method of choice depends on the nature of the sample matrix cost of analysis required precision, accuracy, and detection limit and turnaround time of the method. The main analytical method used to analyze for the presence of trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroethanol and TCA, in biological samples is separation by gas chromatography (GC) combined with detection by mass spectrometry (MS) or electron capture detection (ECD). Trichloroethylene and/or its metabolites have been detected in exhaled air, blood, urine, breast milk, and tissues. Details on sample preparation, analytical method, and sensitivity and accuracy of selected methods are provided in Table 6-1. 

Define the turnaround time for each kind of routine sample analysis and ensure that sample submitters understand requirements for sample size, concentration, and matrix. 

HP infection because it has a sensitivity and specificity greater than 95% and a short turnaround time (2 days). Concomitant acid-suppressive or antibiotic therapy may give false-negatives with this test. 

The PERT technique was developed in connection with the Navy s crash project to produce the Polaris submarine. It is given much of the credit for the completion of that program 18 months ahead of schedule. In another spectacular success, the turnaround time (the time necessary to shut down, repair, maintain, inspect, and start up the unit) for a methanol unit was cut from 12 to 9 days, with no increase in personnel, by using CPM. This is especially impressive since a similar turnaround had been done annually for 25 years,2 and using the best methods available the turnaround time had never been less than 12 days. 

Returning to our discussion of benefits, we note that they fell into two principal areas the time-value of information and the improvement in laboratory productivity. As we saw, assessing the benefits from the time-value of information requires examination of the total process through which that information will be used. For example, using data such as the anticipated improvement in laboratory turn around time, the rate at which material Is produced and its value, and the current the financial losses attributable to scrap or rework, one can estimate the savings in dollars to be accrued (each hour of faulty production avoided through faster lab turnaround time yields as a gain to the firm, the revenue that otherwise would have been lost). 

Comparable or superior turnaround time compared with manual staining... 

Slide Capacity and Clinical Volume A careful evaluation of clinical work-flow should be done in order to determine what instrument best meets the needs of the laboratory. Slide capacity, clinical volume, turnaround time, staffing, and future needs are examples of parameters that should be considered. The number of antibodies on the laboratory s menu should also be considered. A small lab with a limited number of antibodies can benefit from the closed type system, while larger labs with a larger antibody menu may find the open system more beneficial. 

The production of quality specimens is critically dependent upon the initial steps in the process treatment before transport, transport, grossing, and fixation before processing.4 Nothing about this is profound or even new, yet many specimens, perhaps a large majority of them, show evidence that some basic rule has been ignored. The quest for ever-shorter turnaround time has taken us down a very undesirable path. It has become such a hot topic that an acronym for turnaround time, TAT, has been coined for it. Specimen quality has suffered, putting diagnostic conclusions in doubt. This is well-known, but... 

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