Specific immune response

Septic shock a serious and life-threatening clinical condition where massive bacterial products and bacteria in the circulation results in an excessive immune response Specific immunity immune defense mechanisms that involve the participation of antibodies against foreign antigens also termed humoral immunity Transformed a term applied to mammalian cell cultures that have become immortalized , that is, they grow and divide and thus resemble cancerous cells... 

The above scientific information on rice bran phytochemicals indicates that a multitude of mechanisms are operating at the cellular level to bring about specific health effects. Several health benefits of rice bran appear to be the result of the synergistic function of the many phytochemicals, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals which operates through a specific immune response. Their role in the biochemical mechanisms at the cellular level which result in major health effects is shown in Fig. 17.1. A short overview summarizing the effect of the various phytochemicals on major health issues such as cancer, immune function, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, altered liver function and gastrointestinal and colon disease will be given below. 

The sera of mice fed with fresh spinach leaves infected with AlMV particles presenting a rabies virus epitope contained IgG and IgA. Mucosal IgA was also detected [48]. Human volunteers (in FDA approved trials) fed with spinach containing recombinant particles generated both IgG and IgA responses specific to the pathogen [49]. The trials also suggested that plant virus particle-based vaccines could be effectively used in prime-boost regimens. In more recent work, recombinant AlMV particles containing an epitope from the G protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced protective immunity in mice [33]. 

Although several of the strategies listed in Table 14.5 are being employed in these trials, many focus upon the introduction of various cytokines into the tumour cells themselves in order to attract and enhance a tumour-specific immune response. 

Rougier, F., D. Troutaud, A. Ndoye, and R Deschaux. 1994. Non-specific immune response of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan) following copper and zinc exposure. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 4 115-127. 

Respiratory allergies and infections are the most common form of illness in the United States and Europe and account for more missed school and work days than any other disease [1], A substantial body of experimental work has clearly shown that airborne toxicants such as tobacco smoke, ozone, and other air pollutants can alter many aspects of the host defense network to either decrease resistance to infection, or exacerbate respiratory allergies and asthma [2], Exposure to air toxicants can suppress a number of key host defenses including mucociliary clearance in the airways, pulmonary macrophage function, and development of specific immune responses such as IgG antibody production and cell mediated immunity. In contrast, immune stimulation in the form of increased T cell activity and IgE antibody formation has also has been shown to occur under some circumstances, resulting in increased incidence or severity of allergic lung disease. 

Katsutani, N., and Shionoya, H., Drug-specific immune responses induced by immunization with drugs in guinea pigs and mice. J. Toxicol. Sci., 17, 169, 1992. 

Consistent with this hypothesis are data from a study with mice. Social disruption of groups of 5 male BALB/c mice was shown to increase aggression among cohorts, activate the HPA axis, and reactivate latent HS V-1 in more than 40% of latently infected mice.46 In contrast, restraint stress, which can down-regulate the innate and HSV-1 specific immune response, did not reactivate latent HSV-1.47 HPA activation, as measured by serum corticosterone levels, was comparable using both types of stressors. 

Glaser, R. and Kiecolt-Glaser, L, Chronic stress modulates the virus-specific immune response to latent herpes simplex virus type 1, Ann. Behav. Med., 78, 1997. 

Food allergy by definition is dependent upon the induction of a specific immune response, and this needs to be of a vigor and quality necessary for the acquisition of sensitization, and the subsequent elicitation of an allergic reaction following encounter with the relevant food protein. Although cell-mediated immune responses are known... 

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