Soft Tissue Response

Before giving a nonnarcotic analgesic to a patient, the nurse assesses the type, onset, and location of the pain. It is important to determine if this problem is different in any way from previous episodes of pain or discomfort. If the patient is receiving a nonnarcotic analgesic for an arthritic or musculoskeletal disorder or soft tissue inflammation, the nurse should examine the joints or areas involved. The appearance of the skin over the joint or affected area or any limitation of motion is documented. The nurse evaluates the patient s ability to carry out activities of daily living. This important information is used to develop a care plan, as well as to evaluate the response to drug therapy. 

Promoting an Optimal Response to Therapy The glucocorticoids may be administered orally, IM, SC, IV, topically, or as an inhalant. The primary health care provider may also inject the drag into a joint (intra-articular), a lesion (intralesional), soft tissue, or bursa The dosage of the drug is individualized and based on the severity of the condition and the patient s response. 

Due to false positives, zinc may confound interpretation of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) mouse bioassay, one of the routine tests used to measure shellfish safety for human consumption. For example, mice injected intraperitoneally with extracts of healthy oyster tissues showed extreme weakness, a drop in body temperature, cyanosis, and some deaths (McCulloch et al. 1989). The threshold for a toxic PSP response corresponds to a drained tissue zinc level >900 mg/kg FW, and this overlaps the zinc concentration range of 230 to 1650 mg/kg FW (1900 to 9400 mg/kg DW) recorded in healthy oyster soft tissues (McCulloch et al. 1989). 

Endocrine therapy is the treatment of choice for patients who have hormone receptor-positive metastases in soft tissue, bone, pleura, or, if asymptomatic, viscera. Compared with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy has an equal probability of response and a better safety profile. 

Stroobants et al. [95] evaluated the role of [ F]-FDG-PET for early response evaluation to treatment with Glivec in a group of 21 patients with soft tissue... 

E. Therapeutic response ReFacto therapy has resulted in significant decreases in the incidence of uncontrolled bleeding into joints and soft tissues and longterm effects of hemorrhage. ReFacto was well tolerated and elicited an excellent response when administered exclusively for episodic treatment in a multicenter trial in children previously untreated with any factor VIII products. Recombinate has... 

TNF- has been extensively tested in the therapy of various malignancies, but results have been disappointing due to dose-limiting toxicities. One exception is the use of intra-arterial high-dose TNF- for malignant melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. In these settings, response rates greater than 80% have been noted. 

The presence of TCDD in 2,4,5-T is believed to be largely responsible for other human toxicities associated with the herbicide. There is epidemiologic evidence indicating an association between occupational exposure to the phenoxy herbicides and an excess incidence of non-Flodgkin s lymphoma. The TCDD contaminant in these herbicides seems to play a role in a number of cancers such as soft tissue sarcomas, lung cancer, Flodgkin s lymphomas, and others. 

Hypercalcaemia and soft-tissue calcification have been found in animals grazing on plants such as Cestrum diumum and Solanum malacoxylon, and attributed to the presence of a l,25-(OH)2D3-glycoside.453 The calcinogenic plant Trisetum flavescens causes severe calcification on ingestion, but the vitamin D3 species responsible has not been identified 454... 

Oncospheres of many cestode species penetrate and develop into metacestodes within cysts (cysticerci, hydatid, multilocular) in the soft tissues of their rodent, ruminant or human hosts. Thus, species such as Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis, Eaenia multiceps, T. ovis, E. saginata and E solium are of economic and medical importance. Such soft tissue invasion elicits a host immune response to resist the helminths. However, although some cysts may be destroyed as evidenced by involution or calcification, the host response is often too little - too late to eliminate the invaders. The susceptibility of the host to invasion is often due to successful evasive strategies... 

The main parameters commonly used for monitoring the course of an experimental skin and soft tissue infection are the death or survival of the animal, the development and progression of the local skin lesion, and the removal of organs for determination of bacterial loads, immune response analysis, or histological evaluation. Survival curves can be constructed by monitoring the time of death of individual mice after bacterial inoculation (see Note 8). 

The development of biomechanical models derived from continuum formulations for transport of water and charged species in porous media has been carried out for various soft tissues [1-3] and implemented using finite element models (FEMs) [4-8], Such models provide quantitative views of the response of these complex structures that is especially useful in the study of orthopedic, vascular, ocular, and soft tissue substitutes developed by tissue engineering. In this paper a formulation and FEM are described that incorporate and extend these works in a very general model that identifies physical material properties and allows transient analyses of both natural and artificial soft tissue structures. 

From a forensic perspective, the insects have been the main focus of invertebrate studies and applications. A wide variety of insects are attracted to carrion and are responsible for the consumption of much of the soft tissues of a corpse and are thus the most frequently encountered organisms on... 

The reaction of the arteriolar wall to changes in the blood pressure is considered to consist of a passive, elastic component in parallel with an active, muscular response. The elastic component is determined by the properties of the connective tissue, which consists mostly of collagen and elastin. The relation between strain e and elastic stress ae for homogeneous soft tissue may be described as [18] ... 

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