Barnacle settlement

Clare, A.S. and Matsumura, K., Nature and perception of barnacle settlement pheromones, Biofouling, 15, 57, 2000. 

Tegtmeyer, K. and Rittschof, D., Synthetic peptide analogs to barnacle settlement pheromone, Peptides, 9, 1403, 1989. 

Rittschof, D. and Costlow, J.D., Bryozoan and barnacle settlement in relation to initial surface wettability a comparison of laboratory and field studies, Topics in Marine Biology, Proc. 22nd European Marine Biol. Symposium, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, Ros, J.D., Ed., 1989, 411. 

For Balanus amphitrite, a waterborne settlement inducer that is more active than the surface-associated settlement factors has been extracted from seawater conditioned with adult barnacles.53 The cyprid settlement responses could be stimulated by peptides bearing C-terminal arginine or lysine residues.54 102 Interestingly, the same barnacle settlement-inducing peptides attract a variety of barnacle predators such as oyster drills.53103... 

Recognition of the importance of chemical cues in barnacle larval settlement has been important for studies of how physical factors such as salinity104 105 and water flow interact with chemical cues to mediate settlement behavior.106107 In a recent study, Wright and Boxshall107 showed that larvae of two species of barnacles, Elminius modestus and E. covertus, responded positively to soluble conspecific chemical cues for settlement however, the physical presence of barnacles also influenced settlement patterns in these species. An excellent review of the chemical basis for barnacle settlement has recently been published.55... 

The role of biofilm bacteria in barnacle settlement has been a topic of considerable investigation and discussion (see Sections II and III.C above). Despite numerous studies finding positive associations between biofilms and the settlement of barnacle cyprid larvae, Roberts et al.,198 using shortterm field tests of treated surfaces, found, Although bacterial films can have dramatic effects on settlement of barnacles and bryozoans...they are not essential for colonization by barnacles, bryo-zoans or hydroids. ... 

Larman, V. N., Protein extracts from some marine animals which promote barnacle settlement possible relationship between a protein component of arthropod cuticle and actin, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B., 77, 73, 1984. 

A consequence of looking for novel secondary metabolites with bioassay driven approaches is that novel natural compounds are generally structurally complex and are often bound only in very small amounts. The first three groups of compounds that we identified were extremely potent at preventing barnacle settlement. However, they occurred in mg/kilogram dry weight of starting material amounts, and each had approximately seven chiral centers.5194 Compounds with this abundance and complexity have little practical commercial potential. 

Standing, J., Hooper, I.R., and Costlow, J.D., Inhibition and induction of barnacle settlement by natural products present in octocorals,./. Chem. Ecol., 10, 823, 1984. 

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