Settlement pattern

The concept of settlement pattern refers to the geographic distribution of human population on the landscape and is closely related to social and political organization. There are again a number of different classifications of settlement types, but one useful set arranged by increasing size, includes households, camps, villages, towns, and cities (Fig. 2.3). Settlement pattern combines aspects of social and political organization as the spatial manifestation of society s use of the landscape. 

One important concept, particularly for smaller sizes of settlements, involves mobile vs. sedentary. Most hunter-gatherers, as already discussed, are mobile groups, changing settlement location regularly in response to resource availability. In addition, herders of domesticated animals are often mobile in residence, sometimes moving twice a year to better pasture, sometimes more. 

Households are a particularly useful unit of study in archaeology as they repre- 

State societies often have a range of settlement types, including cities, towns, 

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Recognition of the importance of chemical cues in barnacle larval settlement has been important for studies of how physical factors such as salinity104 105 and water flow interact with chemical cues to mediate settlement behavior.106107 In a recent study, Wright and Boxshall107 showed that larvae of two species of barnacles, Elminius modestus and E. covertus, responded positively to soluble conspecific chemical cues for settlement however, the physical presence of barnacles also influenced settlement patterns in these species. An excellent review of the chemical basis for barnacle settlement has recently been published.55... 

Tomascik, T. (1991). Settlement patterns of Carribean slceractinian corals on artifical substrata along and eutropchication gradient, Barbados, West Indies. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 77, 261—269. 

The resulting labor rules, property regime, and settlement pattern did in fact resemble a cross between plantation or estate agriculture on one hand and feudal servitude on the other. 

The objects of this exercise in geometry were under no illusions about its purpose. When they were finally free to talk, refugees in Somalia told their interviewers that the new settlement pattern was devised to control dissidence and rebellion, to prevent people from leaving, to make it easier to watch the people," to control the crops, to register possessions and livestock, and (in Wollega) to allow them to take our boys to war more easily. ... 

If the proverbial man from Mars were to stumble on the facts here, he could be forgiven if he were confused about exactly who was the empiricist and who was the true believer. Tanzanian peasants had, for example, been readjusting their settlement patterns and farming practices in accordance with climate changes, new crops, and new markets with notable success in the two decades before villagization. They seemed to have an eminently empirical, albeit cautious, outlook on their own practices. By contrast, specialists and politicians seemed to... 

Settlement pattern The organization and distribution of human settlement across the landscape. 

Wereda (an administrative structure within the regional state comprising Farmers Association) Fanners Association (FA) is lowest administrative structure delimited based on geographical settlement pattern and locations and it is the main power centre to run various activities at the grass root level. 

Jenkins SR (2005) Larval habitat selection, not larval supply, determines settlement patterns and adult distribution in two chthamalid barnacles. J Anim Ecol 74 893-904... 

Potts, W.K., Manning, C.J. Wakeland, E.K. 1992. MHC-based preferences in Mus operate through both settlement patterns and female controlled extra-territorial matings. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 6 (Ed. by R.L. Doty D. Muller-Schwarze), pp. 183—187. New York Plenum Press. 

If the location of manufacture of these vessels can be determined, such information would not only contribute to our imderstanding of the use of local resources but would also provide information about the settlement patterns of these prehistoric populations. 

Sites associated with the Clemson Island tradition date between A.D. 700 and 1300 and are largely found along the north and west branches of the Susquehanna River. Owasco sites generally date between A.D. 900 and 1300 and are concentrated in central and southern New York. The spatial distribution of Owasco sites minimally overlaps the Clemson Island tradition with a few camps reported in north-central Pennsylvania. The settlement patterns of these groups are oriented around agriculturally based hamlets and smaller resource procurement sites. 

The landscape contrasts between the eastern and western United States noted above reflect the implementation of the Rectangular Public Land Survey System (RPLSS) in the late IS century. Championed by Thomas Jefferson in 1784 (Pattison, 1961), passed by Congress in altered form in 1785, and modified several times in subsequent years, the survey wielded dramatic sway over settlement patterns, the organization of agricultural land, road layout and density, administrative boundaries, the ecological disruption of local faunal and floral communities, receptivity to the grid pattern of town streets and lots, and likely upon our national sense of... 

This fact is in itself celling, and in two different ways - (1) it is likely that many of these sites are not contemporaneous, but, as was the case in the rest of southern Mesopotamia, there was a high rate of abandonment and foundation (Pollock 2001 211) (2) this fluctuating settlement pattern in the south corresponds, in general terms, with shifting settlement in the areas of the expansion. 

Adams, R. McC. 1970. The Study of Ancient Mesopotamian Settlement Patterns and... 

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