Resist design requirements

Hollow-fiber designs are being displaced by spiral-wound modules, which are inherently more fouling resistant, and require less feed pretreatment. Also, thin-film interfacial composite membranes, the best reverse osmosis membranes available, have not been fabricated in the form of hoUow-fine fibers. 

To prevent the surrounding air from mixing with the supply air, the air shower should use air-permeable filter material with a harder, load-bearing, nonflammable outer shell and an inner layer of softer material with a high air resistance. This design requires that the supplied air be filtered. 

Unalloyed molybdenum is available commercially in almost all forms, from forging billets and plate to seamless tubing, foil and wire. In addition, the following molybdenum-base alloys can be considered as established engineering materials Mo-0-5Ti-0-8Zr (designated TZM) and Mo-30W. A Mo-30Ta alloy has also been produced for specific applications where high corrosion resistance is required. 

For low-hazard situations, blast-resistant design is not required because a fire is more likely than an explosion in case of a flammable vapor release. Where little or no explosion hazard (low hazard) exists, it is only necessary to meet conventional building code requirements, including those for fire protection. 

Sometimes, part design requires multiple polymer layers. For example, an automotive gasoline tank can consist of both nylon and crosslinked polyethylene to provide combined chemical [-, resistance and strength, To produce multilayered parts, the first polymer, which will form... 

Storage requirements Suitable siting Adequate capacity and construction Designed to hold spillage Properly lit and ventilated Fire- and frost-resistant Designed so that containers can be safely stacked and moved Clearly marked Kept locked except when in use... 

Alloys that retain high strength at high temperatures (>1000°C in some cases) are known as superalloys. Some of these materials are also highly resistant to corrosion (oxidation). These alloys are difficult to make, contain metals that are not readily available, and are expensive. They are used in situations where the conditions of service make them essential, such as in aircraft engines, where certain designs require as much as 50% by weight of some of these special alloys. 

Flexural member design requires the determination of (1) the design blast loads, (2) the initial design cross-section, (3) an idealized resistance deflection function, (4) the calculated response (maximum deflection) and, (5) allowable ultimate deflection and (6) design for shear. 

Tensile membrane behavior requires continuous reinforcement steel to support in-plane stesses. Two-way slabs and flat slabs, with fixed or simple supports, can usually satisfy the requirements for tensile membrane resistance. Design with tensile membrane resistance is the same as for flexural resistance since the moment capacity of the section is used to determine ultimate resistance. Tensile membrane resistance at 8 degree rotation must be at least... 

For biast resistant design of buildings, the principal parameters of the blast wave required to define the blast loading for a building s components are ... 

Structural performance requirements for blast resistant design include limits imposed on member deflections, story drifts and damage tolerance levels. Conventional serviceability requirements are not applicable for the one time severe blast loading conditions. See Chapter 5 for additional information. 

However, one additional requirement for blast resistant design should be considered. The presence of negative pressures and rebound forces require that wall to frame connections be provided to assure proper transfer of these outward acting forces. Figure 8,2 shows an application of anchor straps to handle rebound forces,... 

Most details for this type of construction are not uniquely influenced by blast resistant design. For steel frame buildings, appropriate AISC steel details used for plastic design methods should be used. The attachment of the siding and roofing requires special attention and the details shown in Figure 8.1 are applicable. 

The building s doors, due to their functional requirements and associated hardware limitations, arc a weak link in blast resistant design. Since doors are likely to be the largest opening into a building they provide the largest potential source of... 

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