RESIDUE AVOIDANCE MANAGEMENT

The agreement requires producers for the establishment to control all elements of production to prevent drug residues. In implementing this strategy, FSIS has worked with constituent groups to encourage adoption of producer-driven voluntary food safety initiatives and to coordinate efforts to identify animal production practices that have the potential to eliminate drug residues in edible animal products. 

Principle 2 Maintain a system of records that permits a paper trail of drugs used in each animal. 

Principle 3 Properly label, store, and account for all drug products and medicated feeds used in the operation. 

Principle 4 Purchase prescription drugs only through veterinarians who have a valid client/patient relationship on the farm. 

Principle 5 Educate all employees and family members on proper drug use. 

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For a long time there has been private, in-house quality research, especially in the biodynamic sector and by some larger organic traders and processors. These vary from crystallisation techniques to broad screen residue analyses of raw materials. These in-house quality management schemes are not standard they depend on how seriously the companies take their responsibility towards their clients and/or want to avoid surprises by the food authorities. 

Medical Management No specific viral therapy exists so treatment is supportive only. Treat patients with uncomplicated VEE infection with analgesics to relieve headache and myalgia. Patients who develop encephalitis could require anticonvulsants and intensive care to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, ensure adequate ventilation, and avoid complicating secondary bacterial infections. Patients should be treated in a screened room or in quarters treated with residual insecticide for at least five days after onset, or until afebrile (without fever) to foil mosquitoes since humans may remain infectious for mosquitoes for at least seventy-two hours. Isolation and qaurantine is not required. Standard Precautions should be practiced when dealing with infection control for VEE victims as shown below ... 

Curt is the general manager of a large landscape company and nursery. His policy is to avoid the use of pesticides, although there are rare occasions when he will resort to using them at work. On those occasions he hires professional applicators and leaves the area to minimize his own exposures and to reduce the risk of bringing home residue that would impact Elizabeth. 

Advice of the type noted above on avoiding adventitious contamination of food needs to be made both nationally and by management in companies involved with food. The control of pesticide residues in food could include HACCP (Chapter 11) to provide an important element of prevention. Other preventative methods include testing of incoming supplies of raw and other materials, and direction by retailers to suppliers that they must use only a defined list of pesticides in specified ways. 

Triazine herbicides provide cost-effective, broad-spectrum weed control and are key tools in conservation tillage. Although the chemical alternatives to the triazines are more costly and generally less efficacious, they are considerably more reliable as weed control methods and more compatible with current farming operations than available nonchemical weed control methods. Even as more com acreage shifts to herbicide-tolerant com, the need remains for residual herbicides such as the triazines to manage resistant weeds and to avoid the need for multiple tillage passes for weed control. 

The results of waste management are characterized by two areas. The primary one relates to avoidance, reduction, and recycling of residues generated in production. This is achieved by means of production-integrated environmental protection, leading chiefly to avoidance or reduction of waste. 

The example in the preceding section showed that shareholders earn the residual income after satisfying the fixed claims of the bondholders. Creditors only want to cover their interest claims and avoid risky investments. From the shareholders perspective, risky investments promising high returns conform with their interests, because shareholders and not bondholders decide on further employment of management. Thus management will decide in favor of shareholders. Bondholders bear a similar risk but are excluded from participation in the growth of the company s value. 

A list of (residual) risks associated to the asset (geological, technical, financial, operational,. ..) A set of cost-halanced control and mitigation measures to manage the asset in the most efficient way and to avoid the asset accepted residual risk increases. 

Soil or crop management practices include crop rotation where a different crop is grown on the same area of land in successive years in a four or five year cycle. This avoids exhausting the soil and can improve the texture of the soil. The use of mulches, that is. covering the ground with plant residues, affords protection to the soil against raindrop impact and reduces the effectiveness of overland flow. Reafforestation of slopes, where possible, also helps to control the flow of water on slopes and reduce the impact of rainfall. 

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