Research work force

Ginzberg provides an excellent review of the history of HSR and health policy.The lOM 1995 report, Health Services Research Work Force and Educational Issues, also provides an excellent summary of HSR and health policy.Because the funding and conduct of HSR has... 

Committee on Health Services Research Training and Work Force Issues. Health Services Research Work Force and Educational Issues Field, M.J., Tranquada, R.E., Feasley, J.C., Eds. National Academy Press Washington, D.C., 1995. 

The solid-liquid two-phase flow is widely applied in modern industry, such as chemical-mechanical polish (CMP), chemical engineering, medical engineering, bioengineering, and so on [80,81]. Many research works have been made focusing on the heat transfer or transportation of particles in the micro scale [82-88], In many applications, e.g., in CMP process of computer chips and computer hard disk, the size of solid particles in the two-phase flow becomes down to tens of nanometres from the micrometer scale, and a study on two-phase flow containing nano-particles is a new area apart from the classic hydrodynamics and traditional two-phase flow research. In such an area, the forces between particles and liquid are in micro or even to nano-Newton scale, which is far away from that in the traditional solid-liquid two-phase flow. 

We also found that in the field of materials science education, both education and work force needed considerable reorientation. For historical reasons (listed in the study) synthesis processing had been neglected at university and Government laboratories. We also looked at the debate about the role of a principal investigator versus large facilities, such as the synchrotron radiation laboratories. We concluded that materials science needs all of these different modes of research, and no particular approach is more decisively effective than another. 

The damage caused by atomic bombardments of US forces was so serious in all parts of Japan that functions of schools and universities were almost completely stopped. No research work was possible to continue for several years after the World War II. Very limited budgets were provided to universities and no research funds were available. Equipments were damaged and chemical materials were not supplied to laboratories. Even foods and clothes were not sufficient and everyone in Japan was hungry. Japan was fully controlled trader US forces. 

The earliest work in DUV lithography utilized PMMA resist (77) and required exposure times of tens of minutes. Researchers were forced to tolerate the excessive exposure times because conventional, positive NUV resists are not useful for DUV exposure. These NUV resist materials (the... 

Robert Q. Fugate, a researcher working for the U.S. Air Force, and his colleagues and other researchers develop adaptive optics. 

Work in fluorine chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin, and previously as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has had as its principal sponsor the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, after initial support from the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory. We are grateful for other support from the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research. Work in fluorine chemistry at Rice University has been supported over more than a decade by the U.S. Army Research Office, Durham, by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, by the National Science Foundation, by the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory, and the Robert A. Welsh Foundation. 

Limestone is another promising geomaterial for drinking water defluoridation. However, it has only been tested in wastewater containing high concentration of fluoride. In a research work by Reardon and Wang [60], limestone was used in a two-column continuous flow system (limestone reactor) to reduce fluoride concentrations from wastewaters to below the MCL of 4 mg/L for wastewater. Calcite was forced to dissolve and fluorite to precipitate in the first column. The degassing condition in the second column (did not serve to remove fluoride) caused the... 

Until the 1920s, wood chemistry was a significant scientific discipline. The advent of petroleum chemistry took wood chemistry out of the limelight. Over the past 20 years, the steady decline of trained people in carbohydrate, lignin extractives, and wood chemistry has reduced drastically the available work force, and these workers are scattered around the world. The easy wood chemistry questions have been answered the more difficult ones will require a well-directed, cooperative research effort. We may not be able to answer the difficult questions, but through multidisciplinary research we will, at least, be able to ask more intelligent ones. 

This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Science, Division of Materials Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF. 

Universities will undoubtedly play an important supporting role in the prerequisite research. They will not be able to perform a major role in the development because the large tasks require engineering development. Few universities have the depth of expertise, work force or facilities necessary to undertake major engineering development tasks. 

I really enjoy my students. They are a never-ending source of amazement and satisfaction as I watch them develop their research skills and dream of what they ll accomplish when they finally enter the work force. I take very seriously the role of mentor to the next generation of scientists who will have an impact on the way we will nourish our bodies in the future. 

The hypothesis that a proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane is the immediate source of energy for ATP synthesis was proposed in 1961 by Peter Mitchell. Virtually all researchers working in oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis Initially opposed this chemlosmotic mechanism. They favored a mechanism similar to the well-elucidated substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis, in which oxidation of a substrate molecule is directly coupled to ATP synthesis. By analogy, electron transport through the... 

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