US Air Force materials

Duvall, G.E., Applications, in Dynamic Response of Materials to Intense Impulsive Loading (edited by Chou, P.C. and Hopkins, A.K.), US Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Paterson AFB, 1973, pp. 481-516. 

Petzow, 1985, J. Less-Common Met. 110, 159. Schweizer, J., 1972, in Technical Report AFML-TR-72-82 (US Air Force Materials Laboratory, Dayton, OH) ch. II. 

The existence of carbon liber (CFs) came into being in 1879 when Thomas Edison recorded the use of carbon fiber as a filament element in electric lamp. Fibers were first prepared from rayon fibers by the US Union Carbide Corporation and the US Air Force Materials Laboratory in 1959 [41 ]. In 1960, it was realized that carbon fiber is very usefirl as reinforcement material in many applications. Since then a great deal of improvement has been made in the process and product through research work carried out in USA, Japan and UK. In 1960s, High strength Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber was first produced in Japan and UK and pitch based carbon fiber in Japan and USA. 

Dayton, University, Research Institute US, Air Force Materials Laboratory... 

Carbon fibers were first prepared from rayon fibers by the US Union Carbide Corporation and the US Air Force Materials Laboratory in 1959. With the development of nanotechnology in fiber fields, carbon nanoflbers (CNFs) gradually attracted... 

For forty years following the introduction of haloaluminate-based ionic liquids by Hurley and Wier, [44, 45] the majority of research in this field was carried out on systems which were reactive with air and, more specifically, with water. The difficulty of working with these materials, using elaborate Schlenk-line airless techniques or expensive and difficult-to-maintain controlled-atmosphere glove boxes, had the effect of limiting the research to four American-based research groups, mostly funded by the US Air Force [46]. Well aware of this limitation, John Wilkes and coworkers made the decision to substitute the reactive haloaluminate anion... 

The authors thank the US Air Force European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, the Marie Curie Training Site for the Controlled Fabrication of Nanoscale Materials, and the Minerva Center for Microscale and Nanoscale Particles and Films as Tailored Biomaterial Interfaces for support of this work. 

Jet A or A-l or JP8 (US Air Force) - a kerosene used by the world s airlines. These fuels are essentially a fraction distilled from crude oil mixed with some cracked material. Jet A fuels consist of 70-90% saturated hydrocarbons, 10-20% aromatics, but up to 30% aromatics in kerosenes. Sulfur compounds and alkenes are removed by hydrotreating. Jet fuels, like kerosenes comprise hydrocarbons in the C8-C17 range but the majority are found in the C10-C14 range. 

The financial support provided by the US Air Force Engineering Services Center (Tyndall AFB, FL) under contract FQ8635-89-C-0276 is gratefully acknowledged. Trade marks and trade names of materials and equipment does not constitute endorsement or recommendation foruse by the US Air Force nor can this paper be used for advertising any product. 

Figure 14.22 Comparison of the thermal expansion characteristics of some refractory materials. Source Reprinted from Lynch JF, Ruderer CC, Duckworth WH, US Air Force Mat Lab Tech Ref Report, No, AFML-TR066-52, 1966, Strife JR, Sheehan JE, Ceramic Bulletin, 67, 369-374, 1988.

This work was financially supported by the Council of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (ETH-Rat TopNano 21), the Swiss National Science Foundation NRP 47 and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Contract No. F49620-02-1-0346). We are also grateful to Dr. Rowena Crockett of EMPA, Ditbendorf, Switzerland, Monica Ratoi-Salagean of Imperial College, London, UK, and Stephanie Pasche, Biointerface Group, LSST, Department of Materials, ETH-Ztlrich, for their valuable advice and assistance. 

The US Air Force has thousands of radar towers protecting its assets [37,38], and they are corroding badly because of the primary structural material (steel). Composite tubing products for such tall. 

Fluorine-containing rubbers were originally developed during the search for fluid-resisting elastomers which could be used over a wide temperature range. Much of the initial developmental work was a result of contracts placed by the US Army and Air Force. Whilst the eurrent commercial materials are very expensive compared with general purpose rubbers they find a number of both military and non-military applications, particularly in the area of seals and 0-rings. 

The fiber studied was kindly provided by Professor G. Berry of Carnegie-Mel Ion University. The authors thank Mr. S. Allen for furnishing the SEM picture of Figure 1. We also thank Dr. A. Kulshreshtha and Mr. W. Adams for helpful discussions throughout this work. Financial support was received from the U.S. Air Force through contract F33615-78-C-5175 and the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts. One of us (EJR) is indebted to the CNRS for favoring his stay at the University of Massachusetts. 

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