Research motivation

These pioneers understood the interplay between chemical equiUbrium and reaction kinetics indeed, Haber s research, motivated by the development of a commercial process, helped to spur the development of the principles of physical chemistry that account for the effects of temperature and pressure on chemical equiUbrium and kinetics. The ammonia synthesis reaction is strongly equiUbrium limited. The equiUbrium conversion to ammonia is favored by high pressure and low temperature. Haber therefore recognized that the key to a successful process for making ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen was a catalyst with a high activity to allow operation at low temperatures where the equiUbrium is relatively favorable. 

Although many books and reviews have been written about block copolymers, the ongoing research motivated us to give an overview of the results during the last years in various aspects of the field. 

Dr. Sangwan obtained his PhD from Haryana Agriculture University Hisar and carried out postdoctoral research at Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. His interest in multidisciplinary research motivated work on plant metabolites at CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-22601. His current research interest involves Translational Biochemistry ... 

Thin organic films are the subject of a great deal of research, motivated by their potential application in micro-electronics. Existing applications, such as in the photo-lithographic production of silicon micro-circuits, involve relatively disordered films. However, higher degrees of order and the use of more complex molecules could lead to systems in which the organic molecules themselves become the active electronic devices. 

Pure research seeks to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself. Molina and Rowland conducted research on CFCs and their interactions with ozone as pure research, motivated by curiosity. No environmental evidence at the time indicated that there was a correlation to their model in the stratosphere. Their research only showed that CFCs could speed the breakdown of ozone in a laboratory setting. 

Prior to 1970 the term homogeneous catalysis usually connoted acid-base catalysis, and this is the best understood type of catalysis . Since then, however, homogeneous catalysis has come to mean primarily transition-metal-complex catalysis, which has been the object of intensive research motivated in part by a series of technological accomplishments . ... 

Esthetics More than any other scientists, chemists make heavy use of all kinds of means of visualization, from simple drawings to virtual reality. In addition, chemists have increasingly made claims to the beauty of their synthetic products, and there is clear empirical evidence that this is also an actual research motivation. Both call for systematic investigations of the role of esthetics in chemical research (Schummer 1995, 2003a Spector and Schummer 2003). In particular, esthetic analysis may help understand crucial issues of research creativity and innovation. If beauty is an accepted research value, we need to understand on what esthetic theory that notion of beauty is based and how esthetic values relate to other research values, both epistemological and moral. 

Finally, the study of reactions that facilitate a partial oxidation or oxidative reaction of methane using oxygen is an area of current active research motivated by the desire to discover technologies that convert methane directly to liquid fuels and higher value chemicals. 

The structure of dislocations and interfaces in ionic and covalent materials has been the subject of much theoretical and experimental research, motivated in part by the realization that the extensive body of information and the concepts that have been accumulated for metallic systems caimot necessarily be directly transferred to these nonme-tallic systems. 

The exploration of new polymer architectures has been the focus of significant recent research, motivated by the fundamental hypothesis that a polymer s properties are intimately related to its structure. This concept has led to the development and optimization of synthetic techniques for the preparation of graft, star, dendritic, ladder, and hyperbranched polymers as well as a variety of hybrid and more complex architectures. Cyclic polymers are of particular interest because their circular shape and lack of end groups has a profound effect on their physical properties such as intrinsic viscosity and hydrodynamic volumes (/). 

Despite this early discovery, little attention has been paid to the ILs for catalysis. The first example of RTILs for catalysis in open literature should be the Friedel-Crafts reactions catalyzed with dialkyl imidazolium chloroaluminate ILs by Wikes et al. in 1986 [2]. The research motivation was just to know what would occur when Friedel-Crafts reactions were carried out in the RTILs. The chloroaluminate... 

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