Research important results

Chapter 9 provides an introductory discussion of a research area that is rapidly growing in importance lattice gases. Lattice gases, which are discretized models of continuous fluids, represent an early success of CA modeling techniques. The chapter begins with a short primer on continuum fluid dynamics and proceeds with a discussion of CA lattice gas models. One of the most important results is the observation that, under certain constraints, the macroscopic behavior of CA models exactly reproduces that predicted by the Navier-Stokes equations. 

Casual observation made in the course of a purely theoretical research has had the most important results in practical... 

The most recent research results show that it is difficult to detect formerly liquid water on Mars. Pictures of what are assumed to be seafloors and riverbeds are no longer considered to be certain evidence that flowing water was always present in all the regions of Mars. Critical examination of some landscapes indicates that they were carved by lava flows and not by water. Only in the case of the edges of craters, and some river gullies, does it appear quite clear that they were formed by liquid water. However, at the time of writing, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission is only a few weeks old, so further important results (and perhaps surprises) on the surface and mineralogy of Mars can be expected (Baker, 2007). 

Thus, the next years and decades will lead to many important results from research laboratories where hypotheses and theories are forged, from geological and palaeontological institutes, and from all the scientific institutions which are working in the broad field of astrophysics. 

A major meeting in the United States was developed to bring together researchers from around the world to review the current state of knowledge and to discuss problems that still needed to be addressed. This book, based on that symposium, presents new and important results of the work of researchers active in the field. 

To a large extent we will have to rely for our information about these vital organs on data pertaining to blood, secretions, and tissues which can be obtained from well individuals without too great inconvenience. Data with respect to animals, if available, would be pertinent but, because of lack of interest in the potential importance of the study of individual differences, there is little material which is directly applicable to our questions. Incidentally, the use of highly inbred strains of animals in laboratory research has resulted in partially wiping out some of the differences which would be most interesting from the standpoint of our study. 

The issue of the relation between the form and the productivity in filamentous microorganisms is of utmost importance for a variety of reasons ranging from purely fundamental to purely economic. This importance resulted in the multiplicity of research timely published and reviewed. However, the field remains descriptive but not predictive. It is not yet possible to make a molecular model or algorithm, where one uses morphological parameters to come up with the output and the assortment of metabolites. 

The close connection that exists between polymer morphology and mechanical properties stimulated extensive research in this field. In amorphous polymers, elastic neutron scattering led to important results. Using mixtures of conventional and deuterated macromolecules, the mean square radius of gyration < > of several amorphous polymers in bulk has been determined (237). This... 

Novel and emerging technologies have the long-term potential to provide high-efficiency, low-cost and highly scalable products, but need substantial research effort to achieve important results. 

The main alternative to grants is for sponsors to award best entry prizes to whichever researcher(s) achieve the most important results in a prede-hned period. Like patents, prizes are a powerful method for eliciting new ideas. Since researchers cannot claim a prize without concrete results, best entry prizes also provide substantial protection against lazy or inefficient researchers. Best entry prizes are already widely used to solve chemical engineering problems. The best-known prizes are managed by a company called Innocentive. It specializes in problems that companies have been unable to solve in-house, attracting solutions from around the world (Maurer 2005). 

EPR and other spectroscopic work on the tyrosine radicals and their function in PS II has recently been reviewed 345-385-387 in a special issue of Biochim. Biophys. Acta. The authors give their specific views on the research efforts which led to our present knowledge of these highly interesting radicals that are also found in many other radical enzymes .385,388 389 In the following some of the important results described in recent EPR papers are summarized. For further details and references to the earlier literature the reader is referred to the cited review articles. 

Consequently, there was renewed interest in marine arsenic research, and several groups worked in this area during the 1970s. Not surprisingly, they were from countries such as Japan and Australia and those in Scandinavia, where seafood is either widely consumed or is an important export commodity. The research activity resulted in the identification of arsenobetaine and the range of other arsenic compounds reported in Section IV. 

These important results have stimulated many research workers in universities and industrial research laboratories in the world to investigate the particular state of aggregation and coordination that Tilv assumes when forced into framework positions of hydrophobic crystalline silicas. Researchers are also engaged in the search for other compounds containing titanium and silicon oxides with Tilv in the same coordination and environment, on the assumption that similar catalytic properties would be obtained. Relevant discoveries have been made, and additional valuable information has been obtained on this new class of materials and on their catalytic performance in many different reactions. 

Of these research topics, the most beloved one for Professor Bognar was still the chemistry of carbohydrates. He was extremely productive in this field, and so, only the most important results of his contribution to carbohydrate chemistry can be discussed here. 

An important result achieved so far through the research on asymmetric hydroformylation is an improvement in our basic understanding of the catalytic asymmetric syntheses carried out in the presence of soluble transition metal complexes. 

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