Recent research results

Purified CrylAc (formerly CrylA(c)) toxin (lepidopteran-active) fed at a concentration of 20 Jig/ml to 1-3-day-old larvae and adults of Apis mellif-era had no significant effect on the survival of these insects [44]. This toxin concentration was more than 100 times the concentration of CrylAc protein found in the field as present in pollen and nectar of transgenic cotton [44], but the authors did not give details of these gene expression measurements. Similarly, purified Cry3Ba (formerly CrylllB) toxin (coleopteran-active) fed in sugar syrup at concentrations of 0.066 or 0.332 

In response to public concerns raised by recent monarch butterfly/Bt-corn pollen studies [26, 27], tests are also under way to compare the respective effects of purified lepidopteran-active Bt toxins, of a Bt biopesticide preparation, and of a conventional chemical pesticide commonly used on corn and potentially present when pollen is produced (M.H. Pham-Delegue, unpubhshed data). Such work is expected to assess the biosafety correlates of the different methods used for crop protection, rather than simply comparing the effects of GM plants versus control plants, which is not agronomically realistic. 

Bee larval tests with Bt Cry proteins have been carried out in-house by biotech companies (S. Sims, personal communication), but there are no published reports of such work. Laboratory-based methods for rearing bee larvae have been established [48] and these could be adapted for use with Bt and other pest-resistance proteins, especially for the later larval instars which are known to ingest pollen as well as the glandular secretions of adult bees. 

Results so far suggest that the specificities of different Bt toxins are retained in their activated form and, with the possible exception of those derived from hymenopteran-active Bt strains [49], Bt transgene products are very likely to be safe for honey bees. 

Protease inhibitors (Pis) represent a second class of proteins that may be expressed at insecticidal levels in GM plants [e.g. 37, 50-52], although none has been commercialized for this apphcation as yet [53]. Pis can be isolated and purified from many different plants, animals, and microbes. When ingested by insects, some Pis can inhibit their digestive proteolytic enzymes, causing starvation and death [e.g. 54-60]. 

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Stock, M., and W. Geiger. 1984. Assessment of vapor cloud explosion hazards based on recent research results. 9th Int. Symp. on the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases in the Chemical Industry, Luzern, Switzerland. 

In order to establish a clear strategy, we have examined the properties of Pt-based catalysts for both the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) systematically and comprehensively using various techniques, the results of which complement each other. We have also developed a standard method to evaluate the real activity. In this chapter, we summarize our recent research results. 

The most recent research results show that it is difficult to detect formerly liquid water on Mars. Pictures of what are assumed to be seafloors and riverbeds are no longer considered to be certain evidence that flowing water was always present in all the regions of Mars. Critical examination of some landscapes indicates that they were carved by lava flows and not by water. Only in the case of the edges of craters, and some river gullies, does it appear quite clear that they were formed by liquid water. However, at the time of writing, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission is only a few weeks old, so further important results (and perhaps surprises) on the surface and mineralogy of Mars can be expected (Baker, 2007). 

In a continuous effort to circumvent the problem of poor solubility and tune the steric effects and electronic features of Pcs, several effective strategies have been developed. As a result, in recent years many neutral Pcs containing substituents at peripheral a or p positions, or in the axial direction, as well as ionic and sandwich-type Pcs have been synthesized and their single-crystal structures resolved by X-ray diffraction analysis [15-24], It therefore appears necessary to give a relatively comprehensive overview of the new progress in Pc chemistry. In this chapter, we summarize recent research results on the synthesis, crystal structures, and various physical properties of monomeric Pc compounds. 

Zinc borates with different mole ratios of Zn0 B203 H20 can be readily prepared by reacting zinc oxide with boric acid (Fig. 1). Among all these zinc borates, the compound with a molecular formula of 2Zn0-3B203-3.5H20, is the most commonly used fire retardant. This article will review recent research results on the use of this particular form of zinc borate as a multifunctional fire retardant. 

The symposium on which this book is based assembled the results of worldwide research on surfactant structure/performance relationships by most of the active groups throughout the world. Most of the papers included here embody recent research results a few are invited overview papers. 

This book is aimed at tackling the above problems from a joint academic and industrial perspective. Namely, advanced solutions (i.e., based on recent research results) to the four fundamental problems of modeling, identification, control, and fault diagnosis are developed in detail in seven chapters. 

The aim of this book is to cover a novel interdisciplinary research area of high current interest, namely microsystems for use in chemistry and the life sciences, with a set of comprehensive reviews. Since 1975, when Steve Terry and his coauthors at Stanford published an account of their gas chromatograph on a silicon wafer, a large number of publications have appeared in the literature. Particularly after 1990 this field started exploding. For an inexperienced scientist it is a difficult task to obtain a good overview of what has happened during the last few years. Even conferences with the best possible coverage of authors would only feature recent research results. 

Taking into account these difficulties and all discussions and evaluations of recent research results, many authors propose the weak salt solutions of calcium chloride, sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate as extraction reagents to predict the risk/ toxicity associated to soil PTMs pollution or residing after remediation actions (Kabata-Pendias, 2004 Keller and Hammer, 2004 Ure and Davidson, 2002). 

J3, 4). Low-lying electronic excited states of metal-metal bonded complexes often involve significant changes in the electron density associated with the metal-metal bond, compared to the ground electronic state. Accordingly, study of the photochemistry of metal-metal bonded complexes not only provides potential new reaction chemistry but also provides insight into, and confirmation of, the electronic structure. This symposium volume affords us an opportunity to record the state of the field of metal-metal bond photochemistry. The aim of this article is to summarize recent research results from this laboratory and to place them in perspective in relation to results from other laboratories. 

The conference was the first in Norway and one of the first in Europe to exclusively address this very important subject. The purposes of the conference were to present some of the most recent research results, to establish state-of-the-art with respect to understanding hydrocarbon seals and to discuss where to go from here to find some of the keys to successful future exploration and enhanced oil and gas recovery. Out of the presented papers and posters, 17 are compiled and published in this volume. These provide a good overview of and an introduction to the numerous aspects covered during the fruitful days in Trondheim. 

Recent research resulted in new and potent impact odorants found in foods or Mail-lard reaction samples [26-28]. Systematic studies revealed common structural elements of sulphur-containing compounds required for developing a basic meat flavour (Fig. 5.53) [29[. The 1,2-oxygen, sulphur grouping has been suggested as a common element of the savoury olfactophore (Fig. 5.54). 

Hollerman, W.A. Glass, G.A. Allison, S.W. Survey of recent research results for new fluor... 

This book represents a brief summary of the state of the art in the field of stirring technology from the viewpoint of the author. It particularly focuses on recent research results, account being taken of scientific literature published up to the summer of 2000. 

To provide an overview about the current state of the art and recent research results on schema evolution in three areas relational database schemas, XML schemas, and ontologies. For each kind of schema, we outline how and to what degree the introduced requirements are served by existing approaches. 

The preceding chapters in Parts I and 11 show that the value of micro-instrumentation is being demonstrated broadly and that recent research results continue to improve on the ability of these devices to play an increasingly important role in both research and manufacturing environments. As the value of micro-unit operations is realized, there will be an increased evaluation of these devices to replace macro-units or to be incorporated within macro-imit operations. The superior mass and heat transfer capability frequently leads to significant quality, energy and environmental benefits. 

In a view of all discussions and evaluations of recent research results, the earlier concept of Barber (1984) has been renewed for the use of extractands which simulate natural soil solution. These are solutions of neutral salts, but mainly CaCl2 in various concentrations (most frequently 0.01 M). Hani and Gupta... 

Univ., China) presented his recent research results entitled Structure-activity relationship of novel sulfonylurea inhibitors on AHAS . H. Matsumoto (Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan) then introduced his study Mode of action of several classes of herbicides causing photooxi dative injury in plants . The second one dealt with insecticides, where X.-H. Qian (East China Univ. of Science and Technology, China) and K. Matsuda (Kinki Univ., Japan) presented their recent findings on chemistry and biochemistry of neonicotinoids. Interchange between Pesticide Science Societies of Korea and Japan was also maintained at a seminar entitled Current and future R D activities in agrochemical area in Korea and Japan . 

Coastal eutrophication is a recently recognized phenomenon, and scientific investigation of this human disturbance has progressed for a few decades. Recent research results indicated that the eutrophication had an influence on transportation and transformation of contaminants in an aquatic environment, which includes potential key factors, such as biomass dissolving functions, staying period in waters, sediment embedding, and structures of the food net. 

Overall, the chance of being exposed to hantavirus is greatest when people work, play or live in closed spaces where rodents are actively living. However, recent research results show that many people who have become ill with HPS got the disease after having been in frequent contact with rodents and/or their droppings for some time. In addition, many people who have become ill reported that they had not seen rodents or their droppings—at all. Therefore, if you live in an area where tlie carrier rodents such as the deer mouse are known to live, take sensible precautions before you do activities like those described above—even if you don t see any rodents or their droppings. 

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