Research ecotoxicological

Hutchinson TH. 2007. Small is useful in endocrine disrupter assessment — four key recommendations for aquatic invertebrate research. Ecotoxicology 16 231-238. 

The ECOTOXicology database is a source for locating single chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants and wildlife. ECOTOX integrates three toxicology effects databases AQUIRE (aquatic life), PHYTOTOX (terrestrial plants), and TERRETOX (terrestrial wildlife). These databases were created by the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development (ORD), and the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laborator) (NHEERL), Mid-Continent Ecology Division... 

It is hoped that this text will prove nsefnl to hnal-year undergraduates, higher degree students, and to researchers in the held of ecotoxicology. 

Among the possible alternative methods, in vitro assay (for ATMs) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) models (for ANTMs) are the most applied approaches in the toxicological and ecotoxicological evaluation of chemicals profiles, even in the field of environmental research and risk assessment. 

Continuous culture systems have been widely used to culture microorganisms for industrial and research purposes (Kubitschek 1970 Tempest 1970 Veldkamp 1976 Rhee 1980). In recent years, these culture techniques have found their way into the bioassay methods of ecotoxicology and allelopathy (Rhee 1980). The early development of a continuous culture system can be traced back to the work of Novik and Szilard (1950 a,b) who developed the first chemostat. In a continuous culture system, nutrients are supplied to the cell culture at a constant rate and to maintain a constant volume, an equal volume of cell culture is removed. This allows the cell population to reach a steady state, where the growth rate and the total number of cells/ml of culture remains constant. Two kind of continuous culture systems can be distinguished turbidostat and chemostat. ... 

Interaction effects of mercury with other contaminants, such as herbicides and pesticides, could intensify hazards to avian populations (Mullins et al. 1977). For example, a striking parallel exists between levels of Hg and of DDT and its metabolites in birds of prey, suggesting the existence of common ecotoxicological mechanisms (Delbeke et al. 1984 Wiemeyer et al. 1984) additional research is clearly needed. 

Third, continued periodic monitoring of fishery and wildlife resources is important, especially in areas with potential for reservoir development, in light of the hypothesis that increased flooding increases the availability of mercury to biota. The use of museum collections for mercury analysis is strongly recommended for monitoring purposes. For example, the Environmental Specimen Bank at the Swedish Museum of Natural History constitutes a base for ecotoxicological research and for spatial and trend monitoring of mercury and other contaminants in Swedish fauna (Odsjo et al. 1997). 

Ecotoxicology and Stress Biology Research Centre University of Plymouth Portland Square, Drake Circus Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK... 

Ecotoxicological effects have been demonstrated for a number of surfactants or their metabolites, including some still currently in use, such as the nonylphenol ethoxylates [1], and as such there is a necessity to find more environmentally acceptable alternatives. Whilst the silicones are not the major surfactant type in use to date, the efficient properties and indications of low environmental persistence and toxicity demonstrate their potential for widespread use [2-4]. Relatively little is known about these new, rapidly emerging surfactants and the purpose of this chapter is thus to collate the available data, present new data, and identify the future research required in this area in order to evaluate the environmental relevance of this class of surfactants. 

In a review on Microbiotests in aquatic ecotoxicology, Blaise [28] comments on 25 different test procedures with bacteria, protozoa, microalgae, invertebrates, and fish cell lines, worked out and used to date by different research laboratories. When examining each of these tests from the point of view of practical features according to five criteria (availability in kit... 

ECETOC. 2007b. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (publications) website http /www.ecetoc.org/Content/Default.asp PagelD = 21 ECVAM. 2007. European Center for Validation of Alternative Methods website. http /ecvam.jrc.it/index.htm EU. 2006. The DG Environment REACH website. http /ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach EU. 2007. European Commision, Research Science and Society website The role of ethics in EU research. 

Ankley GT, Bennett RS, Erickson RJ, Hoff DJ, Hornimg MW, Johnson RD, Mount DR, Nichols JW, Russom CL, Schmieder PK, Serrrano JA, Tietge JE, ViUeneuve DL (2010) Adverse outcome pathways a conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 29 730-741... 

Ecotoxicology is a natural extension of toxicology that studies the fate and effects of toxic substances on an ecosystem. It is based on scientiflc research that employs both laboratory and held methods. Ecotoxicology requires an understanding of ecologic principles and theories pertaining to how chemicals can affect individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Individuals are single entities, whereas a... 

A scientific, non-profit making, non-commercial association, financed by 50 of the leading companies with interests in the manufacture and use of chemicals. It provides a scientific forum through which the European chemical industry can research, review, assess and publish studies on the ecotoxicology and toxicology of chemicals. 

Gao, H., Bao, W.Y., Zhang, S.G., 2001. Contaminative Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research. Yellow River Conservancy Press, Zhengzhou, China, pp. 209-214. 

Sparling DW, Lowe TP, Campbell PGC. 1997. Ecotoxicology of aluminum to fish and wildlife. In Yokel RA, Golub MS, eds. Research issues in aluminum toxicity. Washington, DC Taylor Francis, 47-68. 

Dutka, B. (1993) Ecotoxicological assessment of water, effluent and sediment quality using a battery of tests approach. Rivers research Branch, National Water Research Institute, Canada Center for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, pp. 37. 

The WASTOXHAS procedure was applied in a case study involving two kinds of solid waste, a municipal solid waste incinerator Bottom Ash (BA) and a slag from a second Smelting of Lead (2SL). This case study describes the ecotoxicological portion of a multidisciplinary French national research program on the Waste... 

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