Ecological principles

Since the early 1940s, insecticides have been of immeasurable value in curbing the ravages of insect pests. In the words of the National Academy of Sciences "...when their use is approached from sound ecological principles, chemical pesticides provide dependable and valuable tools for the biologist. Their use is indispensable in modem society. There are many problems of insect pest control for which the use of chemicals provides the only acceptable solution. Chemical pesticides will continue to be one of the most dependable weapons for the entomologist for the foreseeable future" (6). 

Ecotoxicology is a natural extension of toxicology that studies the fate and effects of toxic substances on an ecosystem. It is based on scientiflc research that employs both laboratory and held methods. Ecotoxicology requires an understanding of ecologic principles and theories pertaining to how chemicals can affect individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Individuals are single entities, whereas a... 

The ecological principle is a broader assertion of the first principle of the 1980s that states... 

Vyskrebentsev, B.V. (1975). The comparative ecological principle in studies of fish behaviour (In Russian). In Problems of Zoophysiology, Ethology and Comparative Physiology (LA. Shilov, ed.), pp. 28-30, Moscow University Press, Moscow. 

---