Remotely operated vehicle

Seabed trenching from remote-operated vehicles (Figure 7.9)... 

Feasibility of Large-Scale CO2 Ocean Sequestration. This project, operated by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute will usea Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to deploy small quantities of liquid CO2 in the deep ocean. Below about 10,000 feet the density of liquid CO2 exceeds that of seawater, and the liquid CO2 is quickly converted into a solid hydrate by reacting with the surrounding water. Using a Raman spectrometer, scientists will assess the impact that the CO2 hydrate material has on the ocean floor and ecosystem. 

The MBARI (Brewer, Pauli, Peltzer, Ussier, and colleagues) have pioneered subsea science using remote operated vehicles (ROVs)— particularly the use of spectroscopic equipment to quantify hydrate measurements, especially with Raman subsea deployment at southern Hydrate Ridge (Hester et al., 2005), to supplement the NMR spectroscopy with MBARI (Kleinberg et al., 2003) in Monterey Canyon waters. 

Brewer P. G., Orr F. M., Jr., Friederich G., Kvenvolden K. A., Orange D. L., McFarlane J., and Kirkwood W. (1997) Deep-ocean field test of methane hydrate formation from a remotely operated vehicle. Geology 25, 407-410. 

Embley, R.W. and Baker, E.T. (1999) Interdisciplinary group explores seafloor eruption with remotely operated vehicle, EOS, Transactions, 80(19), 213, 219, and 222. 

Deep-ocean field test of methane hydrate formation from a remotely operated vehicle. Geology, 25 407-410. 

Some works show original use of RS in some exotic locations. Thus, a complete Raman equipment (laser, spectrometer, probe) was used 4 km below sea level. This Raman sensor called DORISS (Deep-Ocean Raman In situ Spectrometer System) was embedded on a remotely operated vehicle in order to get some information about the composition of the sea floor (granite, marble, quartz, calcite, aragonite.. Different tests at the... 

Even when the water is shallow, it is not safe to send divers down because the structure may collapse while the diver is in the water. Moreover, if the wellhead has not been properly secured, a gas blowout could occur at any time—once more posing a great risk to divers in the vicinity. This means that ROVs (remotely operated vehicles) have to be used. (One estimate is that 85% of the remediation work is done by divers, the rest by ROVs.) Explosives are rarely used because of the potential impact on turtles and other marine creatures. Chemicals, including diesel fuel, that were on board the facility at the time of the platform collapse pose an environmental hazard and can be a safety hazard for divers in the area. 

Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) A PIONEER work ROV will be used to carry water jetting equipment, 3D-cameras and sampling tools. The ROV can be directed to the required location very accurately and fast, ensuring the effective conduction of the verification and sampling process. 

The complete data acquisition campaign will take place by the use of unmanned equipment carriers, such as ROTVs (Remotely Operated Towed Vehicles) and ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles). These will be deployed from a specially equipped support vessel which can position itself accurately over the intended survey area. 

Fluorimetry, in principle, offers improved sensitivity, but rather few methods have been developed using this approach, with the notable exception of the lumogallion method for aluminum, which has been widely adopted with considerable success. Chemiluminescence methods have also been described for some metals, most notably for iron, a species of great current interest. Chemiluminescence methods have now been used on remotely operated vehicles operating in the deep sea. At ambient concentrations chemiluminescent measurement of iron requires a preconcentration step which can be setup inline for automatic operation. 

The number of people or value of assets used is sufficiently reduced (such that the consequences are below the threshold of a system s definition of accident, for example that the destruction of a remotely operated vehicle may be regarded differently to the destruction of a human operator). 

Explosives disposal Disposal carried out using single detonation. Temporary safe refuges used as protection. Protective equipment used. Limited control here due to nature ofpossible explosive types. Task planning undertaken. Carried out by single highly trained person or even a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Controlled entry to sites. 

The resulting completeness argument must always be subject to regular reviews. It is likely that new technological developments will offer safer working practices, for example an increase in the utility of remotely operated vehicles and cutting equipment, or better body protection armour. It may just be the case that existing, expensive (and therefore not reasonably practicable) protection methods become cheaper or more easily available. 

The ship is connected by cable to the platform and the reference electrode is steered by a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) or—in shallow waters— directly from the ship over the pipeline. In the case of long pipelines of more than 20 km, there can be considerable difficulty in running the cables. 

Development of remotely operated vehicles, greatly expanded since the 1980 s, has made it possible to penetrate ocean depths that were unreachable by manned undersea devices. In May, 2009, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution used a remotely operated vehicle called the Nereus to revisit the depths of the Mariana Trench, which had been partially explored by a Japanese remotely operated vehicle in 1998. The small dimensions of the Nereus (8 feet wide and 14 feet long) enabled it to maneuver in tight spaces, and the vehicle combined several advanced technologies, most notably a remarkably thin fiber-optic tether. 

To provide different removal times, replicate rack assemblies can be emplaced and retrieved separately. As an alternative to removal of replicate racks, it is possible to design a rack assembly such that individual racks or even individual samples can be removed by remote operated vehicles or manned submersibles. Although not proven, autonomous systems that release racks or individual specimens at intervals for surface retrieval are within the capability of modem ocean engineering technology. Once these racks reached the surface they could report their location through satellite systems for location and recovery by a surfoce vessel. 

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