Vessel support

The procedure whereby a Iktle alcohol is rapidly added to the vessel, supported in the funae chamber and containing some concentrated nitric acid, although generally preceded by a short period of induction, may be extremely dangerous and should not be used. Under no circumstances should concentrated nitric acid be euided to ethyl alcohol—a violent explosion may result. 

As a vessel is loaded, it moves downward because of deflection of the load cells and support stmcture. Pipes rigidly attached to a vessel restrict its free movement and assume some portion of the load that cannot be measured by the load cells. This is very detrimental to scale accuracy. Deflection of the load cell is unavoidable deflection of the vessel support stmcture should be minimized. Anything which increases vessel deflection, eg, mbber pads used for shock protection, must be avoided. The total number of pipes should be minimized and be of the smallest diameter, thinnest wall possible. Pipe mns to weigh vessels must be horizontal and the first pipe support should be as far as possible from the vessel. Alternatively, a section of mbber hose or flexible bellows should be used to make the final connection to the vessel. The scale should be caUbrated using weights, not by means of an electrical simulation method, which cannot account for the effects of the piping or test the correct functioning of the scale. 

Fig. 7. Vessel support and arrangement where d = nozzle diameter, D = vessel diameter, and L = length. Saddles can be straight or tapered. Single supports can be used for small dmms. Combining dmms saves the number of necessary supports (7).

Standards and codes have very speeific safety requirements for Uie design of tanks for flaimiiable liquids or gases and pressurized chemicals such as aimnonia. Overpressure devices and vents are included in Uie design. Tank and vessel supports should be built for the ma.ximum intended load. 

Figure 9-8H. Orifice pan liquid distributor with round or rectangular chimneys and a flat floor sealed to vessel support ring. For a large vessel, it can be sectioned to pass through a manway. Used by permission of Jaeger Products, Inc., Bull.-1100.

Multi-tube vortexer, VWR N-EVAP evaporator, Organomation Pipets, disposable and volumetric Reservoirs, plastic, 75-mL Robot Coupe vertical cutter/mixer SPE cartridge, silica gel (1-g), J.T. Baker SPE cartridge, Cg (1-g), Varian Teflon stirring bars, VWR TurboVap Evaporator, Zymark TurboVap vessels, 200-mL, Zymark TurboVap vessel support rack, Zymark Visiprep manifold, Supelco... 

The stress will be tensile (positive) for points below the plane of the vessel supports,... 

A vessel supported on two saddles can be considered as a simply supported beam, with an essentially uniform load, and the distribution of longitudinal axial bending moment will be as shown in Figure 13.22. Maxima occur at the supports and at mid-span. The... 

Can be activated automatically without operator involvement. Supplemental sprays may be needed for vessel supports and undersides. 

At the simplest level, the successful delivery of cytotoxic agents, either as small molecules or associated with polymers or liposomes, to a soUd tumour depends on the relationship between the tumour cells and the blood vessels supporting their growth. Therefore the first requirement for effective delivery is a fully functional vasculature with respect to perfusion function. For those strategies of treatment where blockade of the tumour blood flow or inhibition of tumour growth is associated with angiogenesis, other considerations need to be taken into account as will be discussed in Chapter 9. 

Chapters 11-13 cover the selection and sizing of downstream disposal systems, reaction forces which require piping and vessel supports, maintenance, documentation and change management. Additional material is given in Annexes 1-8 and is referenced from the,text as required. This includes consideration of any safety factor to be applied to the calculated relief size. 

After the desired extraction temperature is reached about 80 g of sample, with particle size of 16-20 mesh-size, is charged into the extraction vessel, supported by two 260 mesh wire disks. The system is immediately closed and the solvent is continuously fed into the vessel by a high pressure pump (TSP, constaMetric 3200 P/F). The pressure is controlled by a micrometering valve from where the solvent and the extract are withdrawn into a glass collector. The experiments were accomplished in 195 min. (unless otherwise stated), isothermally, at constant pressure and using a solvent flow of approximately 3 cmVmin in all... 

The direct stress due to the weight of the vessel, its contents, and any attachments. The stress will be tensile (positive) for points below the plane of the vessel supports, and compressive (negative) for points above the supports, see Figure 13.18. The dead-weight stress will normally only be significant, compared to the magnitude of the other stresses, in tall vessels. 

A vessel supported on two saddles can be considered as a simply supported beam, with an essentially uniform load, and the distribution of longitudinal axial bending moment will be as shown in Figure 13.22. Maxima occur at the supports and at mid-span. The theoretical optimum position of the supports to give the least maximum bending moment will be the position at which the maxima at the supports and at mid-span are equal in magnitude. For a uniformly loaded beam the position will be at 21 per cent of the span, in from each end. The saddle supports for a vessel will usually be located nearer the ends than this value, to make use of the stiffening effect of the ends. 

When an estimator costs pressure vessels such as reactors and distillation columns, care must be taken to ensure that the wall thickness is adequate. The default method in IPE calculates the wall thickness required based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1 method for the case where the wall thickness is governed by containment of internal pressure (see Chapter 13 for details of this method). If other loads govern the design, then the IPE software can significantly underestimate the vessel cost. This is particularly important for vessels that operate at pressures below 5 bara, where the required wall thickness is likely to be influenced by dead weight loads and bending moments from the vessel supports, and for tall vessels such as distillation columns and large packed-bed reactors, where wind loads may... 

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