Remaining Issues

In this sheet image scanner, two-dimensional array of sensor cells cover the large area entirely and the data are read electrically, avoiding mechanical scans. We believe that the electronic scan method would be practical, because the manufacturing costs of organic transistors are expected low even for large-areas. 

As far as the sheet image scanner is concerned, another remaining issue is spatial resolution, which is currently 36 dpi. To improve the resolution we must reduce the size of both organic transistors and organic photo detectors. Reduction of device dimensions is not very difficult, but the bottleneck is the size of via interconnections. To reduce the diameter of via holes, we are currently working very hard to replace a CO2 laser with other short wavelength lasers, for example excimer lasers and/or YAG lasers. We believe that 600 dpi would be feasible in the near future. 

Organic transistors are indispensable for realizing ambient electronics. We expect the multiplier effect to use organic transistors as a complementary function to silicon. We hope that remaining issues related to stability, operation voltage, speed, power consumption will be solved in the future and organic transistors will be pushed into practical use. 

The authors acknowledge T. Sekitani, H. Kawaguchi, S. Iba, Y. Kato, Y. Noguchi, and Y. Murase for their invaluable contribution to the projects on large-area sensors. They also thank Professors Yasuhiko Arakawa, Hiroyuki Sakaki, and Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami, University of Tokyo, and Mr Tadashi Kobayashi, for fruitful discussions. The projects are partly supported by the IT Program, MEXT of Japan, NEDO, and MPHPT. 

Gundlach, and T. N. Jackson, IEEE Electron Device Lett. 

The molecular mechanical approach to simulating biomacromolecular structures by the use of potential energy functions has been discussed. These potential energy functions are an enthalpic contribution to the free energy, but the free energy contains entropic contribution. There are two forms of entropy in a biomacromolecular system namely the conformational entropy, which entails the inherent entropy of the biomacromolecular structure and the solvent entropy, which results from interactions between a biomacromolecule and solvent molecules. 

The conformational entropy of a macromolecule measures its degree of conformational freedom. It is related to the degree of degeneracy at each energy level of the biomacromolecule and can be estimated from the degree of rotational freedom about the freely rotating bonds of the chain. For a biomacromolecule consisting of n monomers, the number of possible conformations, N can be estimated from the number of possible conformations, g for each monomeric imit by 

Thus the difference in entropy between the native and all possible random structures is 

An approach to estimating conformational entropy is to calculate the density of the folded state (Pf) versus that of the unfolded state (pu), because the density reflects the effective volume occupied by each chain of a biomacromolecule with a well-defined mass. At each step of folding, the macromolecular chain samples successively higher density states with smaller effective volume. Thus folding of a biomacromolecule to a compact structure reduces the volume and lowers the entropy. The difference in entropy for any two states with the densities, pi and pa relative to the density of the native state, po is 

In this evaluation of conformational entropy, the isomers and the degeneracy are not counted and AS is dependent only on the relative densities of each state along the folding pathway. The expression suggests a successive decrease in the entropy during which a less 

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Wliat is left to understand about this reaction One key remaining issue is the possible role of otiier electronic surfaces. The discussion so far has assumed that the entire reaction takes place on a single Bom-Oppenlieimer potential energy surface. Flowever, three potential energy surfaces result from the mteraction between an F atom and FI,. The spin-orbit splitting between the - 12 and Pi/2 states of a free F atom is 404 cm When... 

Perhaps the most significant remaining issue is the cost of these polymers most are at least three to five times that of the current products that... 

The only remaining issue to be discussed before we can proceed concerns the convergence of the integral in Eq. (3-239) or, equivalently,... 

Another remaining issue is the question about the sequential or concerted nature of the insertion, though most of the reactions described above provide... 

As shown in Schemes 7-21 and 7-22, the desired stereochemistry at C-8 and C-12 in the PG framework can be established via three-component coupling. The remaining issue is the question of how to stereoselectively build the chiral 2-cyclopentenone and the lower co-side chain. Sections 7.4.2 and 7.4.3 introduce some general procedures for asymmetric syntheses of these PG subunits. 

Newly developed alloys have improved properties in many aspects over traditional compositions for interconnect applications. The remaining issues that were discussed in the previous sections, however, require further materials modification and optimization for satisfactory durability and lifetime performance. One approach that has proven to be effective is surface modification of metallic interconnects by application of a protection layer to improve surface and electrical stability, to modify compatibility with adjacent components, and also to mitigate or prevent Cr volatility. It is particularly important on the cathode side due to the oxidizing environment and the susceptibility of SOFC cathodes to chromium poisoning. 

A remaining issue when using sulfur-based leuko dyes is their sensitivity to oxidation, limiting long-term storage at ambient temperature. In addition, such indicator systems are commonly not able to detect mercury in sulfur-rich environments, where it is often present. 

The remaining issue is what do we do with the wave function F(,) in eqs (16) or (22), which in the exact MMCC theory represents the full Cl ground state. In the approximate MMCC methods considered in our earlier work, the wave functions Fo) were evaluated either by using the low-order MBPT... 

After the tree is developed, and before moving on to the recommendations and deliberations, the team should ask, Are there any other causes that anyone had in mind at the beginning of this meeting that are not included in the tree If additional causes are identified, the team adds them to the tree if there is logic to support them. Some team members may have specific concerns that the logic tree has not adequately resolved. This is the point at which remaining issues are surfaced and addressed. 

Until quite recently the actions of the FDA concerning an NDA were expressed in either, an approvable letter or a non-approval letter. In the case of a non-approval letter, the deficiencies were noted and were felt by the agency to require substantial action by the sponsor since a positive action by the agency in the present review cycle was not possible. Where the issues could be solved promptly by the sponsor, a non-approval letter was not necessarily a bad result because it officially clarified the remaining issues. 

The management of locally advanced breast cancer requires the integration of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. This chapter summarizes the existing experience and addresses some of the remaining issues in combined modality therapy of locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer. 

It is very important to avoid speculation on the possible mechanisms of toxicity in the results sections of the report, which must remain factual. The reason for this is that, once finalized, the report cannot be corrected, except by amendment. More studies are likely to be performed and more information may be made available between finalization of the present report and its submission to the regulatory authorities. The complete data set will be evaluated later in the expert report, where speculation on any remaining issues may be expressed. 

The remaining issue involves assessing the impact of the hydrophobicity of the R... 

There thenfollowed reports by Katz [13] and Grubbs [14] and their co-workers on studies that aimed to simplify and confirm the analysis. The key remaining issue was whether a modified pairwise mechanism, in which another alkene can coordinate to the metal and equilibrate with the product prior to product displacement, would also explain the appearance of the anomalous cross-over products early in the reaction evolution. However, a statistical kinetic analysis showed that for a 1 1 mixture of equally reactive alkenes, the kinetic ratio of cross-metathesis should be 1 1.6 1 for the pairwise mechanism and 1 2 1 for the Chauvin mechanism. Any equilibration (substrate or product) would, of course, cause an approach towards a statistical distribution (1 2 1) and thus allow no distinction between the mechanisms. 

Despite the relative immaturity of this field, however, the ability of organic thin-film transistors to form a usable backplane is indubitable. The question of who will succeed in tackling the remaining issues, and with what sort of creative solutions, remains to be seen. 

It is not our task here to comment on chemical evolution leading to membrane constituents. We rather focus on the remaining issues in turn. 

The lead compounds undergo careful studies in an effort known as lead optimization. At this point any remaining issues with metabolism, absorption, toxicity, and so on, are addressed through molecular modification. 

The most pressing remaining issue is that of generating sufficient information for the risk assessment of chemicals produced in low volumes. It is clearly an untenable situation that a large number of substances are continuously put on the market and used although the minimal data required to risk assess, classify and label them is not available. In our view a decision should be made as soon as possible that after the last time-limit for data requirements that has already been decided (year 2018) similar data requirements as those currently required for substances produced in over 101 per year will be introduced for those produced in 1-101 yearly. 

A model of possible terrorist attack (single shot at metal-concrete container from grenade cup discharge at on-shore site of Atomflof , Mmmansk Shipping Company) was presented in the 2002 NATO-Russia Advanced Research Workshop Remaining Issues in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Powered Vessels [2]. According to the model, even such - not very powerfiil - hypothetical terrorist impact could lead to serious implications for personnel and environment. 

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