Quaternary surfactants

A wide class of aiyl-based quaternary surfactants derives from heterocycles such as pyridine and quinoline. The Aralkyl pyridinium halides are easily synthesized from alkyl halides, and the paraquat family, based upon the 4, 4 -bipyridine species, provides many interesting surface active species widely studied in electron donor-acceptor processes. Cationic surfactants are not particularly useful as cleansing agents, but they play a widespread role as charge control (antistatic) agents in detergency and in many coating and thin film related products. 

C Q—C g-ethoxylated quaternaries surfactants for coating polystyrene beads in the manufacture of lightweight concrete 17... 

Fabric Softening. The use of quaternary surfactants as fabric softeners and static control agents can be broken down into three main household product types rinse cycle softeners tumble dryer sheets and detergents containing softeners, also known as softergents. Rinse cycle softeners... 

In addition to the structures in Tables 30—33, commercial quaternary surfactants include of simple tertiary amines ... 

Tomah Emulsifier Four Dialkyl quaternary surfactant Tomah... 

The quaternary surfactants benzalkonium chloride (BAG) and benzethonium chloride are preferred by many manu-fecturers because of their stabihty, excellent antimicrobial properties in acid formulation, and long shelf life. They exhibit toxic effects on both the tear film and the corneal epithelium and have long been known to increase drug penetration. The toxicity of these compounds may be increased by the degree of acidity of the formulation. 

It is possible to prepare MCM-41 and also MCM-48 at room temperature. For the MCM-41 materials a two-phase reaction system was employed in which the silica source and water are immiscible, and utilised tetraethylorthosilicate, quaternary surfactants, ammonia and water at room temperature [5]. The MCM-48 materials, the... 

The effect of chain (tail) length of quaternary surfactants is often ignored in most cases. Ottaviani[188] reported that the kinetics of formation of mesostructured aluminosilicate is strongly dependent on the surfactant (CrcTMAB, n = 8-18) chain length, larger micelles inducing a faster formation. 

In a conventional fabric softener formulation the level of the quaternary surfactants is about 5%. Low concentrations of leveling agents can also be present. These materials, often nonionic surfactants, assist in the uniform deposition of the softening quats. In addition, a buffering system is used to ensure an acidic pH. Finally, a solvent, such as isopropanol, present at a level of about 10 to 15%, ensures a viscosity range suitable for easy dispensing from the bottle. 

Ant6n, R.E. (1981) Phase behavior of a quaternary surfactant-alcohol-water-oil system. Thesis, Universidad de Oriente, Pto La Cruz, Venezuela. 

The effect of an alcohol is poorly documented. From the few data available it can be said that it is about the same for quaternary surfactants as for anionic ones, and 30% lower for allq lammonium salts. 

Esterilied mono-or di-alkyl quaternary surfactants (esterquats)... 

Surfactant Pore sizes of mesoporous sihca materials mainly depend on the hydrophobic groups of surfactants. Cationic quaternary surfactants with longer alkyl chains can yield larger pore sizes. The chain is, however, limited to C22, because surfactants with long alkyl chains are insoluble in water and lead to the formation of disordered products. As for the conventional PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers, the pore... 

Ethoxylated alcohols Ethoxylated fatty acids Lauryl sulfates Mono and diglycerides Nonionic surfactants Phosphate esters Quaternary surfactants Sorbitan derivatives... 

Tsubouchi and Tanaka [3] described the following method, in which the sodium-nonionic tetraphenylborate is extracted into an organic solvent and titrated with a quaternary surfactant, which displaces the sodium-nonionic complex. Anionics do not interfere chemically, but cause emulsification problems and are better removed. Potassium, ammonium, calcium, chloride and sulphate ions do not interfere because the complex is extracted. The aqueous layer remains colourless throughout the titration. 

There is no obvious reason why other quaternary surfactants should not be used as titrants. 

Cold water dispersible quaternary surfactant. Forms transparent dispersions in water. Versatile conditioning agent in all types of hair conditioner and hair treatment applications. 

Versatile, cold water dispersible quaternary surfactant. 

Common name Ethylsulfate ammonium quaternary surfactant ... 

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