Marine source

The higher alcohols occur in minor quantities primarily as the wax ester (ester of a fatty alcohol and a fatty acid) in many oilseed and marine sources. Free alcohols octacosanol [557-61-9] C2gH gO, and triacontanol [28351-05-5] have been isolated in very small amounts from sugarcane and its... 

Steroid alkaloids have been isolated from four famihes of terrestrial plant sources (Soianaceae l iliaceae pOijnaceae and Buxaceae) two animal sources (Saiamandra and Phjllobates) and several marine sources. Steroid alkaloids can be classified based on stmcture and fall into a variety of categories. The spirosolanes contain a cholestane skeleton with a C20 spiroaminoketal moiety, as exemplified by the most abundant members of this class, veramine... 

Thiazolopyridoacridine alkaloids obtained from marine sources, kuanoniamines (2a-c), bright yellow metabolites from the mollusk Chelynotus semperi, display... 

Batcho indole synthesis is a useful tool for synthesis of naniral products. As oudined in Scheme 10.6, the Batcho indole synthesis is used for total synthesis of the slime mold alkaloid arcyriacyanin. Such indolocarbazole alkaloids represent a growing number of naniral products isolated from soil organism, slime molds, and marine sources. They are important as andnimor compounds and protein kinase C and topoisomerase inhibitors. 

Officer CB, Lynch DR (1981) Dynamics of mixing in estuaries. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 12 525-533 Olsen CR, Thein M, Larsen IL, Lowry PD, Mulholland PJ, Cutshall NH, Byrd JT, Windom HL (1989) Plutonium, 4 b, and caibon isotopes in the Savatmah Estuary - Riverbome versus marine sources. Environ Sci Technol 23 1475-1481... 

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are water-soluble substances and thereby penetrate the outermost epidermal skin layers. In contrast, beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) are lipid (fat) soluble and are capable of penetrating to the underlying layers of skin (the dermis) located 1-5 mm below the surface of the skinJ2 Most AHAs are derived from plant materials and marine sources. Commonly used AHAs include malic acid (found in apples), ascorbic acid (a common ingredient in numerous fruits), glycolic acid (a constituent of sugar cane), lactic acid (a component of milk), citric acid (naturally abundant in citrus fruits), and tartatic acid (found in red wine). A common BHA is salicylic acid (an ingredient in aspirin). 

The loss of resolution of seasonal variations in sea salt concentrations near the ocean may be interpreted to reflect the presence of two marine sources with different seasonal maxima. A distant source with a winter maximum, as in the case in Greenland, dominates for more inland stations like J-9. Nearer the ice front, the local Ross Sea contribution is greatest in the summer when the sea ice cover is at a minimum. The contribution from the... 

The best biomarkers for marine sources of organic matter have high percent labile/marine content and the best biomarkers for terrestrial organic matter have low percentages. Marine compounds tend to be more labile (reactive) than terrestrial organic matter. 

Newman DJ, Cragg GM. (2004) Advanced preclinical and clinical trials of natural products and related compounds from marine sources. Curr Med Chem, 11 1693-1713. 

The 8 N- and 8 0-values of atmospheric N2O today, range from 6.4 to 7.0%c and 43 to 45.5%c (Sowers 2001). Terrestrial emissions have generally lower 8-values than marine sources. The 8 N and 8 0-values of stratospheric N2O gradually increase with altitude due to preferential photodissociation of the lighter isotopes (Rahn and Wahlen 1997). Oxygen isotope values of atmospheric nitrous oxide exhibit a mass-independent component (Cliff and Thiemens 1997 Clifif et al. 1999), which increases with altitude and distance from the source. The responsible process has not been discovered so far. First isotope measurements of N2O from the Vostok ice core by Sowers (2001) indicate large and 0 variations with time (8 N from 10 to 25%c and 8 0 from 30 to 50%c), which have been interpreted to result from in situ N2O production via nitrification. 

About 25 diterpenes (107-130) of the dolastane-type featuring a hydroben-zo[/]azulene ring system have been isolated exclusively from marine sources (Fig. 14) [61-76]. 

The study of marine natural products has great possibilities for new products. Thus, Paul Scheuer from Hawaii studied bioactive compounds from mollusks and other marine sources. Luigi Minale, Raffaele Riccio and Maria lorizzi from Italy, conducted a comprehensive research on marine steroidal glycosides. Joel Kashman from Tel-Aviv University investigated on the biologically active natural products from marine organisms. 

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