Refining process description

From the early advances in the quantum-chemical description of molecular electron densities [1-9] to modem approaches to the fundamental connections between experimental electron density analysis, such as crystallography [10-13] and density functional theories of electron densities [14-43], patterns of electron densities based on the theory of catastrophes and related methods [44-52], and to advances in combining theoretical and experimental conditions on electron densities [53-68], local approximations have played an important role. Considering either the formal charges in atomic regions or the representation of local electron densities in the structure refinement process, some degree of approximate transferability of at least some of the local structural features has been assumed. 

Longmore, J. (1886). Cotton-seed oil Its colouring matter and mucilage, and description of a new method of recovering the loss occurring in the refining process. ]. Soc. Chem. Ini. (Lond.) 5, 200-206. 

Hydrocarbon Processing. In this handbook many licensors of currently available processes present a description of their process along with operating conditions and yields. Numerous solvent-refining processes, including those described below, are covered in this handbook. ... 

The system description sketched in Fig. 5.55 serves as a starting point for the architecture refinement process. The coarse logical structure for the example mentioned above is depicted in box 1 of Fig. 5.57. ... 

This description clearly shows that structural refinement using the Rietveld method requires a specific refinement strategy. We have already discussed some of these aspects in Chapter 3 (see section 3.3.4). Obviously, when the objective, as in this case, is to accurately determine the stractural parameters, this refinement process must be conducted with the utmost care. 

This process description is for a stand-alone OCT unit that can be added into any refining/petrochemical complex. The utility requirements—which include cooling water, steam, electricity, fuel gas, nitrogen and air—are typically integrated with the existing complex. The process may also be integrated into a grassroots cracker project to ei-... 

Figure 5 - Refined Indium Production PROCESS DESCRIPTION...

Meyers, R. A., ed. 2005. Handbook of Petrochemicals Production Processes. New York McGraw-Hill. Mentioned in this chapter because it is a companion volume to Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, and shares a similar format. Provides detailed descriptions of 53 petrochemical production processes, divided into 18 technologies. The petrochani-cals described within represent the most economically important petrochemicals, including ethylbenzene, ethylene, phenols and acetone, propylene and light olefins, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. 

The rest of this chapter provides a brief overview of the processes shown or mentioned above. The chapters that follow provide detailed process descriptions, with emphasis on recent developments. General information on refining technology can be found in the excellent books by E.I. Shaheen, and W.L. Leffler, and in a manual published by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. " Each year. Hydrocarbon Processing compiles a widely read refining process handbook, which gives descriptions of about 120 licensed processes offered by engineering contractors, oil companies, and of course process licensors. 

Risk analysis is activity of examining each identified risk to refine the description of the risk, isolate the causal factors, and determine the effects. It refines each risk in terms of its likelihood and consequence. It also involves establishing measures to control or mitigate the risk. It is essentially the risk assessment and risk control stages of the risk management process. 

To obtain satisfactory accuracy in an iterative process the number of observed intensities should considerably exceed die number of intensity parameters to be detennined. Snyder [27] provides a detailed description of how the least-squares refinement process should be performed. The following parameters are defined... 

A very good description of processes, mainly in the oil refining and fuel upgrading sector, highlighting the impact zeolites have made on this industry. 

New application of modem statistical mechaiucal methods to the description of stmctured continua and snpramolecnlar flnids have made it possible to treat many-body problems and cooperative phenomena in snch systems. The increasing availability of high-speed compntation and the development of vector and parallel processing teclmiqnes for its implementation are making it possible to develop more refined descriptions of the complex many-body systems. 

In this study the problem of estimating an unknown function from its examples is revisited. Its mathematical description is attempted to map as closely as possible the practical problem that the potential NN user has to face. The objective of the chapter is twofold (1) to draw the framework in which NN solutions to the problem can be developed and studied, and (2) to show how careful considerations on the fundamental issues naturally lead to the Wave-Net solution. The analysis will not only attempt to justify the development of the Wave-Net, but will also refine its operational characteristics. The motivation for studying the functional estimation problem is the derivation of a modeling framework suitable for process control. The applicability of the derived solution, however, is not limited to control implementations. 

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