A- long axis

Figure 8 The interaction energy of (a) long-axis and (b) short-axis transition dipoles in a two-dimensional arrangement of carbazolyl chromophores calculated by Kuhn s extended dipole model[47] for the longer wavelength transitions at 291 and 342 nm.

Rotational and translational movements of bases. In considering the conformational flexibility of a polynucleotide it is useful to define the parameters associated with movement of base pairs or individual bases. The possible movements are indicated in Fig. 5-15 and in Table 5-3. A long axis is established for each base pair in a structure for which X-ray data are available. Making use of these axes, we can move along the helix and measure the angle of twist from one base pair to the next.142-145 While the mean value... 

A particularly good example of a chromophore for exciton coupling is anthracene, with several t-t transitions, including a short axis-polarized UV absorption near 360 nm (e 7,500), and a long axis polarized intense UV absorption near 250 nm (e - 200,000),... 

The most consistently accurate structure/odor model is Amoore s camphor model (48). As shown in Fig. 3, the model indicates that hydrophobic molecules with an ellipsoidal shape that have a long axis of 9.5 A and a short axis of 7.5 A will possess a camphoraceous odor. Another example of a simple but effective model is Boelens s model for jasmine odorants (51). Shown in Fig. 4, this model proposes that, to possess a jasmine odor, a molecule should contain a central carbon atom surrounded by a strongly polar group, a weakly polar group, and an alkyl chain. 

Thus, P oo for either p —> oo, which is the limit of an infinitely thin prolate ellipsoid, or p — 0, which is the limit of an infinitely flat oblate one. In these two limits, the particle rotates until a long axis is parallel to the flow direction, and then rotation slows to a halt. For large, but finite, aspect ratios, the particle rotates slowly when its long axis is nearly parallel to the flow direction, and rapidly otherwise. The Jeffery orbits of rod-like and disklike particles have been observed directly (Anczurowski and Mason 1967a, 1967b) and indirectly by optical dichroism (Frattini and Fuller 1986). 

Figure 1. Definition of dipole operator directions and axis system (a) long-axis chelate transitions (b) short-axis chelate transitions.

Resinite macerals (Anderson et al., 1992) occur widely (often in minor amounts) throughout most American coals below medium-volatile bituminous rank. They are usually absent in coals of higher rank. Although resinite macerals usually make up less than 3% of most US coals, they are particularly abundant in coal of the Wasatch Plateau in Utah where they can account for as much as 15% of the macerals present. In most Appalachian and mid-western US coal seams, resinites occur as primary (present at the time of deposition) ovoid bodies with a long axis ranging from 25 to 200 jm. While primary ovoid bodies of resinite are also found in western US coals of Cretaceous/Tertiary... 

According to the theoretical study discussed above, the intense low frequency vibration around 250 cm is attributed to a long axis stretch of the whole molecule. The authors of [38] also studied the influence of various possible static distortions of the terrylene molecule on its vibrational structure. A boat or butterfly distortion about the short axis such that the planes of the terminal naphthalenes make a... 

Gold beads were used, for example, by Crooks and coworkers [108, 109] to perform STM lithography on SAMs. The 0.25-mm diameter gold wire was first cleaned in Piranha solution, and then melted in a H2/O2 flame under nitrogen and annealed in a cooler region of the flame. This procedure yielded spheres 0.6-1 mm in diameter, which exhibited (111) facets, typically elliptical in shape with a long axis of ca. 100 xm, consisting... 

Fig. 3.17a,b. Polymyositis and associated scleroderma, a Long-axis and b short-axis 12-5 MHz US images over the medial head of gastrocnemius reveal an intramuscular ill-defined hypoechoic area arrows) with loss of the fibroadipose pattern, reflecting edema and fatty tissue infiltration. The subcutaneous tissue appears normal... 

Fig. 3.36a-d. Intratendinous ossification, a Long-axis and b short-axis 12-5 MHz US images of the Achilles tendon (At) with c radiographic and d CT correlation reveal an extensive plaque-like intratendinous ossification (arrows). At CT.the intratendinous ossification demonstrates mature lamellar bone formation... 

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