Reference testing procedure

Source references for frequentiy used test procedures for determining properties of activated carbon are shown in Table 4. A primary source is the Jinnual Book ofyimerican Societyfor Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards (61). Other usehil sources of standards and test procedures include manufacturers of activated carbon products, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) (33,34), and the Department of Defense (54). 

Table 4. Source References for Activated Carbon Test Procedures and Standards...

General References AIChE Testing Procedures Crystallizers, American... 

A standard testing procedure for solids-mixing equipment is available (Ref. 1). This contains details and references pertaining to sampling from solids mixtures for both batch and continuous mixing. 

Arrester Testing and Standards Regulatory and approval agencies and insurers impose acceptance testing requirements, sometimes as part of certification standards. The user may also request testing to demonstrate specific performance needs, just as the manufacturer can help develop standards. These interrelationships have resulted in several new and updated performance test procedures. Listing of an arrester by a testing laboratoiy refers only to performance under a defined set of test conditions. The flame arrester user should develop specific application requirements based on the service involved and the safety and risk criteria adopted. 

In the following we describe a brief procedure to conduct various tests and measurements and compulation of the lest results according lo lEC 60034-1. (For more details of the testing procedure the reader should refer to the standard.)... 

Wet test While an indoor type switchgear assembly requires only a dry power frequency voltage withstand test, the outdoor type switchgear assembly also needs a wet test under wet conditions to check the external insulation. For the test procedure refer to lEC 60060-1. 

Artificial pollution test The purpose of this test is to provide information on the behaviour of the external insulation while operating in polluted conditions. The test may be performed only if thought necessary, depending upon the degree of contamination at the place of installation. For the test procedure refer to IFC 60060-1. 

Additional tests on a capacitor VT The tests discussed above refer generally to the electromagnetic unit only. To test the whole VT, the following tests are recommended. For the test procedure and results refer to lEC 60186. 

This is an alternative to the ageing test and is applicable for shunt capacitors of 1000 V and above. It is an in-house process test and is carried out on the capacitor elements before they are assembled into a capacitor unit to ascertain their dielectric stability against repeated overvoltages. For the test procedure refer to lEC 60871-2. 

Additional test on an IPB enclosure for radio interference as in NEMA-107. The maximum radio influence voltage (RIV) should not exceed 100 //V at 1000 kHz. For test equipment and test procedure refer to the Standard. 

Operating procedures prescribe how specific tasks are to be performed. Subcategories of these procedures may include test procedures, inspection procedures, installation procedures, etc. These should reference the standards and guides (see below) which are needed to carry out the task, document the results, and contain the forms to be used on which to record information. 

Being cut from tires, the rubber samples in this work cannot always be studied using standard test procedures. The specific techniques used to measure rubber aging have been described in detail elsewhere and are summarized below [2]. The same techniques have been used to evaluate rubber aging in both field and the laboratory oven-aging studies. For reference. Figure 34.2 shows a diagram of the internal components of a radial-ply tire. 

Options The analyst elects to first study photometry and place the three reference concentrations symmetrically about the nominal value (= 100%). The initial test procedure consists of using references at 80, 100, and 120% at the beginning of the series, and then a 100% reference after every fifth determination of an unknown sample. 

Based on the test procedures and requirements detailed in relevant British Standards, to which reference should be made. 

Mean from test procedures within 95% confidence intervals of consensus value of reference material, or >the lower 95% confidence level of the reference procedure... 

Often, combinations of the above methods are used to certify reference materials. For example, the two-independent method approach is often coupled with the inter-laboratory testing procedure, after which the data are combined to give the proposed best value. 

Along with the testing of the materials of interest, control experiments with reference substances need to be performed. At least every 6 month, the control test needs to be carried out using mild-to-moderate skin sensitizers [recommended substances are a-hexylcinnamaldehyde, benzothiazole-2-thiol (mercaptobenzothiazole), and benzocaine] to evaluate the testing procedure. 

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