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Red scale

Both compounds show about the same degree of activity toward red ants and honey bees, but DDT is superior against red scale crawlers and greenhouse thrips. [Pg.166]

FIGURE 15.6 Gel image of the data in Fig. 15.4, where the density of the plot is proportional to the logarithm of the fluorescence intensity observed in each cycle. The data are plotted as a gray scale for low intensity components and a blue-green-yellow-red scale for the most intense components. [Pg.356]

Common Name Banana borer Red rust thrips Flower thrips Red scale Yellow scale Red spider Caterpillar Grasshoppers Oriental fruit fly Banana aphid... [Pg.74]

Red scale is a problem in many of the drier banana growing areas. The damage is occasioned by injury to leaves, but the most noticeable damage is in the yellow spotting of the green fruit where the scale has been attached. So far the only control for red scale has been oil emulsion sprays similar to those used in the citrus industry. Highly toxic insecticides, such as used on citrus, cannot be used on bananas because the fruit is harvested almost every day. [Pg.74]

Better oil emulsions, better spray equipment, and better education in the application of oil emulsions are all badly needed throughout South America. Fortunately, natural control appears to be taking hold in many districts in Argentina, as it has with Florida red scale, and this will greatly aid the situation. [Pg.84]

California red scale pheromone Scheme 9 Vitamin Bi2-mediated Michael addition. [Pg.321]

Other examples include the synthesis of California Red Scale Pheromone [80], prostaglandin PGF2a [81], House Mouse Pheromone [63], and Jasmon-ates [82]. [Pg.156]

Roelofs W Gieselmann M, Cardd A, Tashiro H, Moreno DS, Henrick CA, Identihcation of the California red scale sex pheromone, / Chem Ecol 4 211— 224, 1978. [Pg.181]

Efficacy Improvement of clinical signs/symptoms of psoriasis (e.g., itching, redness, scaling, psoriatic body surface area coverage) PASI scores are based on plaque thickness, scaling, and redness, adjusted for percentage of affected body surface area quality of life assessments... [Pg.419]

Evaluation of Petroleum Fractions against California Red Scale and Citrus Red Mite... [Pg.25]

The insecticidal efficiency under laboratory conditions of various members of two series of narrow boiling petroleum fractions was determined for adult female California red scale, Aonidiella auranfii (Mask.) and eggs of the citrus red mite, Paratetranychus citri (McG.). Correlations between efficiency and various properties of the fractions such as structural character, molecular weight, and viscosity were observed. These correlations Indicate that conventional spray oils used on citrus in California may contain appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons of low insecticidal activity. The evidence indicates that the insecticidal efficiency of spray oils against citrus insect pests may be considerably improved by proper selection with respect to structural character and molecular size. [Pg.25]

Smith (24) conducted intensive studies of the factors involved in the use of oil sprays to control California red scale and other pests of citrus in southern California. He found that insecticidal efficiency and deleterious effect on the trees were closely related to the so-called weight of the spray oil, as indicated by the distillation range, and that this provided a better basis for classification of spray oils than viscosity. The relationship of the unsulfonated residue of petroleum oils to tree injury had been clearly established previ-... [Pg.25]

An initial report is made here on results obtained in laboratory studies of two series of petroleum fractions against adult females of the California red scale, Aonidiella auraniii (Mask.), and against eggs of the citrus red mite, Paratetranychus citri (McG.). [Pg.26]

The two species selected for the laboratory studies—California red scale and citrus red mite—are dominant economic pests of citrus in southern California (5). Constant vigilance against infestations of these species is of primary concern to the growth and production of citrus in the area, and petroleum oil sprays are the most important means of control available. [Pg.27]

California red scales were obtained from a laboratory colony reared and maintained on banana squash. Squash was first used as a host for the mass pr uction of California red scale under laboratory conditions by Rush Bumgardner of the Orange Coimty Insectary, Anaheim, Calif. 12). The suitability of banana squash for this purpose was shown by Flanders IS). Lindgren et al. 15y 17) adapted the rearing methods of the red scale to the requirements of insecticide studies and developed techniques for using this species as a laboratory test insect. [Pg.27]

The treated fruit infest with red scale were held for 21 days in a cabinet maintained at 80 F. and 85% relative humidity. By the end of this period the scale insects that had succumbed to the treatment had become desiccated and discolored. When live scales are punctured with a needle a drop of fluid, which may be seen readily under 5- to 7-power magnification, exudes aroimd the puncture. Dead scales are dry and easily distinguished. The dead scales on an equatorial band about 1.5 inches wide were counted. [Pg.28]

In the tests with both California red scale and citrus red mite, untreated lots of fruit selected at random from infested fruit prepared for a given day were held with the treated lots and counted for natural mortality. The corrected percentage of kill for each treatment was calculated by means of the Abbott equation (Jf). [Pg.29]

Table I. Efficiency of Petroleum Fractions of Paraffinic (46-M20) and Naphthenic (46-51) Composition against Adult Female California Red Scale... Table I. Efficiency of Petroleum Fractions of Paraffinic (46-M20) and Naphthenic (46-51) Composition against Adult Female California Red Scale...
Mortalities observed in tests of a series of oil dosages against adult female California red scale or eggs of the citrus red mite indicated a positive relation between increased dosage and increased kill. The fit of the points to the line was much better for oil dosages expressed as deposit than for those expressed as spray concentration. However, the variance observed indicated that statistical procedures would be required to arrive at the best fit for a line through the observed points. The method of probit analysis chosen was that proposed by Bliss (2) and modified by Finney (11) for data adjusted for mortality in the controls. [Pg.29]

Series of fractions of paraffinic (P) and naphthenic (N) composition against adult female California red scale... [Pg.32]

The properties and characteristics available for paraffinic fraction 5 appear to be in line with those of the other fractions of the paraffinic series and do not infficate an explanation for a difference in performance against adult California red scale. A similar deviation did not occur in the case of the correlations established for eggs of the citrus red mite. Since the work of Ebeling (7) indicated that contact of oil with the scale insect is generally accomplished by penetration of the oil imder the scale armor, the spreading ability of the oil film appears to be an important factor in the efficiency of an oil against adult California red scale. [Pg.33]

It is known that the viscosity of a lubricating oil can be reduced by the addition of kerosene. Spray trials showed that kerosene was not appreciably toxic to the red scale. The effect of kerosene additions on the efficiency of paraftoic fractions 5 and 9 (46-M20) against red scale was therefore of interest. One-to-one mixtures of the two oils with kerosene were made on a volume basis. These mixtures were used in spray trials to establish dosage mortality values. Since the kerosene in the amoimts used was not toxic, the deposit values used for the probit analysis were based on the actual amount of the oil represented. [Pg.33]

Figures 1 and 2 indicate that the insecticidal efficiency of oils of paraflSnic composition against adult female California red scale is better than that of oils of naphthenic composition. The curves show that the toxicity to red scale of the lighter portions of the two oils tested is low, and that there is an increase to a peak of maximum efficiency with increase in molecular size. These findings agree in general with field experience in California in ths application of spray oils for the control of California red scale. However, the correlations shown in Figures 1 and 2 indicate that an optimum is reached, and that beyond this point efficiency against the scale decreases with further increase in molecular size. Figures 1 and 2 indicate that the insecticidal efficiency of oils of paraflSnic composition against adult female California red scale is better than that of oils of naphthenic composition. The curves show that the toxicity to red scale of the lighter portions of the two oils tested is low, and that there is an increase to a peak of maximum efficiency with increase in molecular size. These findings agree in general with field experience in California in ths application of spray oils for the control of California red scale. However, the correlations shown in Figures 1 and 2 indicate that an optimum is reached, and that beyond this point efficiency against the scale decreases with further increase in molecular size.
Pearce et al. (21) suggest that some property of the fractions which has not been evaluated is probably related to the killing mechanism of hydrocarbon oils to oriental fruit moth eggs. It is thought that this may be true for eggs of the citrus red mite as well, and may be particularly applicable to the performance of the oils against adult female Califomia red scale. [Pg.35]

Field tests of the value of the relationships observed in the laboratory studies of petroleum fractions against the Califomia red scale and the citrus red mite are planned for the Califomia red scale and are in progress for the citrus red mite. In addition, field experiments offer opportimities to observe the response of citms trees to differences in molecular size and to paraffinic vs. naphthenic composition of the oils. [Pg.35]

The LZ>96 for fraction 7 (46-M20), 64 micrograms per sq. cm. (Table I), is about one half, or a little less than half, the average deposit of conventional spray oils used for commercial control of Califomia red scale in the field in Califomia. The results obtained in the laboratory studies indicate that proper selection of spray oils may make it possible to obtain the same degree of control with less oil deposit. [Pg.35]


See other pages where Red scale is mentioned: [Pg.1434]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.165]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.220]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.151]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.741]    [Pg.568]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.242]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.300]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.312 ]




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California red scale

California red scale female sex pheromone Al component

California red scale female sex pheromone synthesis via ene reaction with methyl propiolate

California red scale pheromone

California red scale pheromone carboxylic acid

California red scale pheromone synthesis

Pheromone of California red scale

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