Plaque thickness

Efficacy Improvement of clinical signs/symptoms of psoriasis (e.g., itching, redness, scaling, psoriatic body surface area coverage) PASI scores are based on plaque thickness, scaling, and redness, adjusted for percentage of affected body surface area quality of life assessments... 

In an own study we tested topical corticosteroids in combination with 5% lanolic acid.68 An improvement of barrier function could be detected. Formulations containing co-3 and co-6 fatty acids may help in the restoration of barrier properties. Higher efficacy of these products may be achieved by combining different classes of stratum corneum lipids 68 Escobar et al.64 showed a clinical improvement of scaling and plaque thickness for topical fish oil compared to the base-treated site in a four week treatment64... 

Gel Permeation Chromatography. A Waters (model 150-C ALC/GPC) liquid chromatograph with a refractive index detector was used for molecular weight characterization. The unit was equipped with two sets of silanized Dupont blmodcLl columns (Zorbax PSM 60S/100S), with molecular weight range 2 x 10z to 10° and total retention volume of 24 ml. Samples were cut across the plaque thickness as with DSC. Polymer solutions were prepared 1n N,N -dimethyl -formamide, DMF, at 0.1%... 

Initial studies on PU1478 materials showed effects on physical properties of plaque thickness and System Index used during RIM processing. Typical tensile stress-strain data are given in the first 4 columns of Table III. Increases, particularly in modulus, elongation... 

Effects of Plaque Thickness, System Index and Filler ( Filled materials formed using incompatible polyol blend PBA1478 at... 

Plaque is an essential prerequisite for dental caries to occur, since it is plaque bacteria that produce the acid which dissolves the enamel. However, plaques are of varying cariogenicity, which depends to a large extent on their bacterial composition. In addition, plaque thickness should affect cariogenicity because thickness determines the extent of any acid challenge to the teeth [71, 72], Increasing plaque thickness would also be expected to minimise the potentially protective influence of dissolution inhibitors in saliva. 

Dawes C, Dibdin GH A theoretical analysis of the effects of plaque thickness and initial salivary sucrose concentration in diffusion of sucrose into dental plaque and its conversion to acid during... 

Recent models take into account not only the nature of the saliva film and its composition but also the diffusion and reaction of salivary components within plaque, metabolic processes of plaque bacteria, salivary and plaque buffering, Ca2+ ion binding, etc. Earlier work [18] had emphasised the role of plaque thickness on the shape of the Stephan curve for a given sucrose pulse, minimum pH values at the enamel/plaque interface were predicted to be lowest for plaques of thickness intermediate between thin (0.1 pan) and thick (2 xm) plaques. The more recent calculations, whilst generating deeper and more prolonged pH falls, have shown that these differences remain important [19]. 

Treatment with 0.1% gel, apphed once daily, results in substantial reduction in the severity of scahng and plaque thickness during 12-week treatments. The 0.1% gel is somewhat more efficacious, but the 0.05% formulation is associated with less irritation." " Based on the results of clinical trials, tazarotene is effective for the treatment of mild to moderate plaque psoriasis." " ... 

Figure 14.8 Profile of through plaque thickness for injection molded HBA/IA/HQ. (Reproduced from [8] by permission of Elsevier Science Ltd.)...

Figure 3.430. Fiber orientation pattern across the plaque thickness B. Fiber orientation factor as a function of volume fraation and change in fiber length distribution with F (schematic) [1253],...

The term, a takes into consideration the changes in the fracture toughness of the polymer matrix as a function of plaque thickness and/or the fibres presence ... 

Leukocyte count is associated with aortic arch plaque thickness, and is specifically correlated with aortic arch plaque thickness equal to or more than 4 mm in stroke-free subjects (157). In WHHL rabbits, leukocyte adherence to intact arterial endothelium is one of the geneses and promoters of atherosclerosis (158). 

In summary it may be said that the plaque which forms in the absence of dietary carbohydrate is relatively thin and has a matrix which is almost entirely derived from the salivary proteins. This provides a relatively porous structure into which oxygen and fluids, e.g. saliva, gingival fluid and dietary liquids, can penetrate. It is also permeable to the bacterial products that form within it, which are readily lost by diffusion. It is the thicker gelatinous anaerobic plaque, formed in the presence of dietary sugars, notably sucrose, which excludes saliva and hence is responsible for the formation and accumulation of acid, that is conducive to the development of caries (Chapter 35). The marked effect of plaque thickness on the diffusion times of plaque adds is shown in Figure 34.7. 

Figure 34.7 The effect of plaque thickness on the outward diffusion of free acid. t, is the time for 50% of the free acid to diffuse out...

Figure 10.7 shows the modulus of Vectra A950 as a function of aspect ratio. It is seen that the modulus increases more rapidly at small aspect ratio, and slowly as the aspect ratio exceeds 40. The results from (10.4) are comparable to those given by others (Blizard et al. 1990 O Donnell and Baird 1996). Blizard et al. (1990) reported a maximum value of E = 28 GPa for Vectra A950. This corresponds to our data, when the aspect ratio is above 40. O Donnell and Baird (1996) presented a range of modulus, from 10.3 to 18.2, for Vectra A950, at different mold temperatures and plaque thickness, which corresponds to our calculations with aspect ratio ranging from 2 to 10. 

Compression molded plaques, thickness 1 mm co-stabilizer 0.1% Ca-steaiate AO-3 represents a dilunctional sterically hindered phenol. 

Figure 13 Performance of compression molded PP plaques (thickness 0.5 mm base stabilization 0.15% phenolic AO, 0.10% organophosphite/ Irgafos 168 = Hostanox PAR 24, 0.10% Ca-stearate, 0.25% thiocos-tabilizer/Hostanox SE 4) before and after 2 months of hot water treatment (HWT) at 7= 85 °C criteria time to brittleness .

LET data obtained by various laboratories have been compiled according to the beam source and plaque thickness. Each set of LET data has been plotted against plaque thickness to find correlations of the two. 

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