Recovery from treatment liquors

Actinide Recovery Area. Both WTFs require an Actinide Recovery Area where actinides are recovered from the liquors being produced in the above-mentioned treatment areas. The WTF supporting the fuel reprocessing plant (see Figure 3) requires both a TBP and CMP extraction cycle, but the WTF supporting the fuel refabrication plant can be operated with a CMP extraction cycle alone and by utilizing the existing, on-site TBP scrap recovery system. 

Food industry and medical supplies Edible salt production from seawater,23 demineralization of whey,24 recovery of amino acids from fermentation liquor,25 separation of amino acids,26 preparation of lactic acid27, gluconic acid28 amino acids,29 etc. from their salts, stabilization of grape juice30 and pre-treatment of wine,31 deacidification of sour orange juice,32 desalination of soups, desalination of soybean sauce,33 continuous fermentation in the presence of electrodialysis,34 de-ionization of sugar solution.35... 

An electrostatic precipitator is used to remove more tar from coke oven gas. The tar is then sent to storage. Ammonia liquor is also separated from the tar decanter and sent to wastewater treatment after ammonia recovery. Coke oven gas is further cooled in a final cooler. Naphthalene is removed in a separator on the final cooler. Light oil is then removed from the coke oven gas and is fractionated to recover benzene, toluene, and xylene. Some facilities may include an onsite tar distillation unit. The Claus process is normally used to recover sulfur from coke oven gas. During the coke quenching, handling, and screening operation, coke breeze is produced. The breeze is either reused on site (e.g., in the sinter plant) or sold offsite as a by-product. 

The barren liquors from the product separation or recovery sections, and the waste disposal facility may be recycled as wash liquor to the last stage of the leach-wash system after appropriate treatment. The process may include other streams such as an inlet of lixiviant or additional wash water, and a ficticious exit stream representing losses. 

Rosenbaum et al. (1971) have reported that centrifugal extractors can be used for the recovery of vanadium by a hydrometallurgical route. Centrifugal extractors have also been considered for the treatment of waste liquors from nuclear energy systems. 

Catalyst recovery (4) After exchanging the liquor in the CTA separation, the suspended solids are separated and removed as CTA residue, which can be burned in a fluidized-bed incinerator or, if desirable, used as land fill. The soluble impurities are removed from the filtrate within the filtrate treatment section, and the dissolved catalyst is recycled. 

In large scale operations, distillation at the intermediate stages is omitted, except that the dichlorotoluene must be distilled to make it completely dry. With the other compounds, it suffices to separate them from the mother liquors in leaded separatory funnels. The copper solutions are always reconverted to cuprous chloride by treatment with zinc dust or iron, and the loss involved in this recovery seldom exceeds 2 per cent. 

Historically, a classic example of an evaporation process is the production of table salt. Maple syrup has traditionally been produced by evaporation of sap. Concentration of black liquor from pulp and paper processing constitutes a large-volume present application. Evaporators are also employed in such disparate uses as desalination of seawater, nuclear fuel reprocessing, radioactive waste treatment,preparation of boiler feed waters, and production of sodium hydroxide. They are used to concentrate stillage waste in fermentation processes, waste brines, inorganic salts in fertilizer production, and rinse liquids used in metal finishing, as well as in the production of sugar, vitamin C, caustic soda, dyes, and juice concentrates, and for solvent recovery in pharmaceutical processes. 

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