Somatic recombination

Vogel EW. 1985. The Drosphila somatic recombination and mutation assay (SRM) using the white-coral somatic eye color system. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research. Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, 313-317. 

Bennett, K. L., Lalley, P. A., Barth, R. K. and Hastie, N. D. (1982) Mapping the structural genes coding for the major urinary proteins in the mouse combined use of recombinant inbred strains and somatic cell hybrids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 1220-4. 

Immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors (hie name Immuno.dat) Most REM-TrEMBL entries are immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. The integration of additional immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors into SWISS-PROT has been stopped, because SWISS-PROT does not want to add all known somatic recombined variations of these proteins to the database. Currently there are more than 18,000 immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors in REM-TrEMBL. SWISS-PROT plans to create a specialized database dealing with these sequences as another supplement to SWISS-PROT but will keep only a representative cross section of these proteins in SWISS-PROT. 

Katz AJ. 1987. Inhalation of methyl bromide gas induces mitotic recombination in somatic cells of Drosophilla melanogaster. Mutat Res 192 131-135. 

Graf U, Wurgler FE, Katz AL, et al. 1984. Somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. Environ Mutagen 6 153-188. 

Vogel EW, Zijistra JA. 1987. Mechanistic and methodological aspects of chemically-induced somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 182 243-264. 

As compared to DCs, B cells are very poor APCs and play a major role as source for antibodies. Upon stimulation by antigens and in the presence of T cells at the border of the T-cell-B-cell area, adjacent to follicles, B cells become antibody-secreting cells and eventually form a germinal center (GC) response. GCs are specialized follicles for B-cell expansion, somatic hypermutation, and class switch recombination, processes that are regulated by T cells, follicular DCs, and other cells. In this process of B-cell maturation, Tregs seem to play a critical role, as in several immune diseases, which are characterized by aberrant antibody... 

Uses of cloned genes Produce recombinant proteins Gene therapy (somatic) Transgenic animals (germ line) Produce cDNA probes for blots... 

Somatic cell gene therapy involves the use of recombinant DNA techniques to introduce a therapeutic DNA sequence into a somatic (noninherited) cell. 

Somatic recombination. The genes are divided into several segments, of which there are various versions. Various ( untidy ) combinations of the segments during lymphocyte... 

Bidani, A., Nouri-Ellouz, O., Lakhoua, L., Sihachakr, D., Cheniclet, C., Mahjoub, A., Drira, N., Gargouri, B. -R. (2007). Interspeciflc potato somatic hybrids between Solanum berthaultii and Solanum tuberosum L. showed recombinant plastome and improved tolerance to salinity. Plant, Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture, 91,179-189. 

Sinigaglia M, Reguly ML, de Andrade HH (2004) Effect of vanillin on toxicant-induced mutation and mitotic recombination in proliferating somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Environ Mol Mutagen 44 394-400... 

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reverse mutation Saccharomyces pombe, forward mutation Saccharomyces cerevisiae DEL assay, and iCR recombination Drosophila melanogaster, crossing-over/recombination Drosophila melanogaster, somatic mutation... 

A small increase in somatic mutation frequency was reported in the eye-colour spot test with Drosophila melanogaster exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the feed but no effect was observed in two independent wing-spot tests. In a single study, mitotic recombination was not induced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate neither was sex-linked recessive lethal mutation induced in two studies in D. melanogaster treated with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the feed or by injection. When administered to D. melanogaster, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and A-nitrosodiethylamine induced DNA double-strand breakage and DNA repair, although neither compound was active when administered alone. 

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