Readout displays

Zone Temperature Monitoring Systems were Installed under Project OCI-666 at the six old reactors to provide safety circuit action for "hotspot control. This system Is composed of RTD s (resistance temperature detectors) controllers, and a visual readout display. The RTD s measure the temperature of the outlet water from the center process tube of a 3 by 3 tube cell or zone. A special wye fitting was installed between the spiral connector and the Parker fitting to house the RTD. 

Conceptual design of tha graphic display of the incom chamber data for control room operational Information is coniplete A prototype readout display will be built to demonstrate the value of the continuous axial and radial display of reactor flux. This display will also be... 

For most hot and cold environments there is no need to monitor the body temperature. In extremely hot or cold environments and in confined areas or those isolated from assistance, core temperature monitoring may be necessary to ensure that body temperatures remain within pre-established upper or lower limits. If the body temperature reaches a limit, there is time to remove a person Irom stressfiil conditions before severe physiological damage occurs. If direct leads from a person to a temperature instmment restricts activities, it is better to use temperatore devices with telemetry and distant readout displays. 

Another problem is intolerance of core temperature sensors by the wearer. Oral temperature is not very accurate and reliable for core temperature assessments. Rectal probes provide more accurate readings, but are less tolerable. A more acceptable sensor is a tympanic sensor. It has a thermistor bead or small thermocouple placed in the ear canal against or very near the eardrum and held in place by a custom-molded ear plug. Tympanic temperature closely follows changes in core temperature. The preferred readout display is a digital one. 

The two most common pH readout displays are analog and digital. Each has advantages, and the selection of the type of readout should be based on which of the advantages best suits the application. 

Readout = displayed integrated value (sample/standard/ blank),... 

In addition, most devices provide operator control of settings for temperature and/or response slope, isopotential point, zero or standardization, and function (pH, mV, or monovalent—bivalent cation—anion). Microprocessors are incorporated in advanced-design meters to faciHtate caHbration, calculation of measurement parameters, and automatic temperature compensation. Furthermore, pH meters are provided with output connectors for continuous readout via a strip-chart recorder and often with binary-coded decimal output for computer interconnections or connection to a printer. Although the accuracy of the measurement is not increased by the use of a recorder, the readabiHty of the displayed pH (on analogue models) can be expanded, and recording provides a permanent record and also information on response and equiHbrium times during measurement (5). 

Answer An electronic temperature monitor could be equipped with a bar-code liquid crystal display which could be read by a portable bar-code reader. These devices have a memory so several readings may be taken before they are readout over a telephone modem to a data logging computer. The simplest way to read the acid type would be to post a label that is bar-coded to indicate the acid type. Tire acid quantity could be indicated by an acid level gage using a bar-code display of the level. The aluminum quality could be indicated by displaying a label in bar-code. The amount of aluminum could be determined by weight using a bar-code readout on the scales. 

FIGURE 4.18 An automatic titrator. A pump draws the titrant from the reagent bottle on the left and fills the reservoir in the back of the unit. Pressing a key on the keypad in the foreground delivers titrant to the titration flask on the right as the solution is automatically stirred. The volume delivered is displayed on a digital readout. 

In general, an instrument consists of four components a sensor that converts a property of the solution into a weak electrical signal, a signal processor that amplifies or scales the signal and converts it to a useable form, a readout device that displays the signal for the analyst to see, and a power supply to provide the power to run these three components. The information flow within the instrument occurs with the movement of electrons, or electrical current. 

The readout device is a translator like the sensor. It translates the electrical signal produced by the signal processor to something the analyst can understand. This can be a number on a digital display, the position of a needle on a meter, a computer monitor display, etc. The readout device is not specific to the measurement. It can take the signal from any signal processor and display it. 

Transmittance and percent transmittance are two parameters that can be displayed on the readout. 

For patients at home, these sensors have been marketed (by Medisense) to look like a typical credit card a sample of blood is placed on an uncovered portion on the flat of one side, and a readout obtained when the sensor is plugged into a portable display unit. This type of sensor can yield an accurate determination of [glucose] in the concentration range 0-25 mmol dm within about 20-30 s. 

In a more modified approach, differential display proteomics can also be done with no separation of proteins. This is called the protein chip approach. In this method, a variety of bait proteins such as antibodies, peptides, or protein fragments may be immobilized in an array format on specially treated surfaces. The surface is then probed with the samples of interest. Proteins that bind to the relevant target can then be analyzed by direct MALDI readout of the bound material (Nelson, 1997 Davies et ah, 1999). Lor example, well-characterized antibodies can be used as bait. Protein samples from two different cell states are then labeled by different fluorophores, mixed together, and used as probe. In such a case, the fluorescent color acts as an indicator for any change in the abundance of the protein that remains bound to the chip (Lueking et ah, 1999). A number of technical problems would still need to be overcome before applying this technique for large-scale analysis of proteins. 

An alternative method of retrieving the data from the Chronotox microprocessor is the use of a small, portable, battery-operated printer to obtain a digital data format. The dosimeter is inserted into the readout slot of the printer, and, first, a two-digit code displays the sensor program code. Next, the battery voltage of the microprocessor is printed to assure... 

The small, compact printer can be utilized where the larger Datagram Readout Unit is not needed or convenient, i.e., for quick readout in field locations, or where a graphic display is not necessary. The choice of two readout systems allows maximum versatility and economy for both the large, multiplant, multiproblem user, as well as the small, single substance installation. 

Production Gas Detection Instruments. A family of portable instruments has been developed for the detection and monitoring of CO levels in air (7 > The instrument family consists of a direct reading detector with LCD display of actual CO concentration and a personal CO dosimeter. Both the detector and the dosimeter measure the accumulated CO exposure of personnel in industrial environments and provide both visible and audible alarms if instantaneously unsafe levels of CO are encountered. An accompanying support console is used for integrated cumulative CO dosage readout and battery charging. 

Less expensive instruments give a direct readout of absorbance and/or transmittance in analog or digital form. These instruments are suitable for single-wavelength measurements however, if a scan of absorbance vs. wavelength (Figure 5.4) is desired, some type of device to display the spectrum must be available. 

Bourdon and spiral gauges with dial readout are available from Wallace Tiernan, 25 Main St., Belleville, NJ 07109. Warden quartz spiral gauges are available from Ruska Instrument Corp., Box 36010, Houston, TX 77036 Texas Instruments Inc., Display Systems, Box 1444, Houston, TX 77001. 

The physical forms of readout and alarms depend on the status of the instrumentation. A handheld device with LCD display and input buttons/pads is adopted by most manufacturers. An audio alarm is also available. An on-screen menu-driven method is used for setting up user features such as display content and styles. A historical glucose graph is also available. 

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