Reactive Red

White phosphorus is very reactive. It has an appreciable vapour pressure at room temperature and inflames in dry air at about 320 K or at even lower temperatures if finely divided. In air at room temperature it emits a faint green light called phosphorescence the reaction occurring is a complex oxidation process, but this happens only at certain partial pressures of oxygen. It is necessary, therefore, to store white phosphorus under water, unlike the less reactive red and black allotropes which do not react with air at room temperature. Both red and black phosphorus burn to form oxides when heated in air, the red form igniting at temperatures exceeding 600 K,... 

Many red dyes are based on H-acid [90-20-0] (11), eg, Reactive Reds 2, 24, and 218. Others are substituted phenyl and naphthyl or metallised systems (7) (Table 2). Violet dyes are also metallised monoaso dyes (7). 

In the late 1960 s a new series of methods was introduced for the determination of amylase, involving the use of a starch-dye complex. Dyes such as Renazol brilliant blue (68) Reactive Red 2B (69) (used in the substrate Dy-Amyl, General Diagnostic Division, Warner-Chilcott Laboratories), Cibachrom Blue (70)... 

XANES, which can be used to determine molecular structure and orientation of chemisorbed molecules on well-characterised single-crystal surfaces and is able to discriminate between the same atoms in different bonding situations, has been used to examine the supramolec-ular organisation adopted by the dye Reactive Red 3 1 physisorbed and chemisorbed on to cotton and cellophane substrate materials [315]. A distinct difference in the nature of the dye/cotton interaction was observed for different preparative methods. The mode by which... 

Size polymers on polyester can be determined by staining tests with Cl Basic Red 22, Cl Reactive Red 12, iodine/potassium iodide solution, or a mixed indicator. The extraction of size components and their determination in solution using a variety of reagents to give a characteristic coloration or a coloured precipitate has been described. Methods using fluorescence spectroscopy with a fluorescent cationic dye (e.g. Pinacryptol Yellow or Cl Basic Orange 14) were also described. 

Figure 10.53 Rate of absorption of Lanasol Red G (Ciba Cl Reactive Red 83) by wool [402]...

Figure 12.12 Fixation of Cl Reactive Red 180 with various concentrations of Group IA chlorides [139]...

Figure 12.15 Fixation of Cl Reactive Red 180 with various concentrations of potassium salts of tetracarboxylic acids [139]. K BTCA = Tetrapotassium butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate K B4CA = Tetrapotassium benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate...

Figure 12.18 Exhaustion and fixation curves for Cl Reactive Red 2 in the presence and absence of a nonionic surfactant at 30 °C [147]...

Washing Exhaust dyeing of Cl Reactive Red 123 on bleached cotton Continuous dyeing of Cl Reactive Blue 104 on mercerised cotton ... 

A detailed comparison [181] of three vinylsulphone dyes included a low-substantivity monoazo N-acetyl H acid derivative (Cl Reactive Red 35), a monoazo N-acetyl J acid type of higher substantivity (Cl Reactive Orange 82) and a phthalocyanine turquoise somewhat prone to aggregation (Cl Reactive Blue 21). Dyeings of these individual products were subjected to three wash-off procedures ... 

The yellow ink jet dyes (and pigments) are metal-free azo dyes, such as Cl Direct Yellow 132 and Cl Acid Yellow 23 (Tartrazine).48,49 Most of the magentas are azo dyes derived from H-acid (l-amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid), such as (62), and xanthenes, such as Cl Acid Red 52 and Cl Acid Red 289.48,49 Where high lightfastness is a requirement, a copper complex azo dye, Cl Reactive Red 23 (63), is used. However, such dyes are dull (see Section 9.12.3.2). Nickel complex PAQ dyes, such as (22), are claimed to be brighter and to have similar high lightfastness... 

Escherichia coli N03 Reactive Red 22 After acclimation, time for 50% color removal lowered from 5.7 to 4.3 h [67]... 

Klabisiella sp. VN-31 Reactive Yellow 107, Reactive Red 198, Reactive Black 5, Direct Blue 71 Monoazo dyes RY107 and RR 198 were decolorized in 72 and 96 h the diazo dyes (RB5 and triazodye DB71) decolorized in 120 and 168 h [39]... 

Pseudomonas luteola, Eschericia coli Reactive Red 22 The E. coli improved the ability of Pseudomonas sp. to decolorize the dye by producing decolorization -stimulating extracellular metabolites [42]... 

Waste disposal site of textile industry Red BLl/Reactive Red-2, yeast extract, beef extract Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 [82, 138]... 

Color removal of dye Reactive Red 22, Study notes competition among the degrader species affecting long term stability Bacterial community structure in the natural circulation bioreactor... 

Dye-containing wastewater and Reactive Red 22 Mixed cultures of Pseudomonas luteola and E. coli DH5a Presence of E. coli DH5a increased the decolorization efficiency of P. luteola even though DH5a was an inefficient decolorizer in this consortium [42, 95]... 

Orange II and other azo dyes Biodigester sludge from municipal waste plant augmented with sulfate reducing consortium The dye was decolorized by 95% within 24 h. Several other dyes including Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Red 120 and mixture of dyes were successfully degraded T[185]... 

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