Reactive Yellow 84

Although it has been reported (138) that decolorization of wastewater containing reactive azo dyes with sodium hydrosulfite is possible only to a limited extent, others have demonstrated good reduction (decolorization). For example, using zinc hydrosulfite for the decolorization of dyed paper stock (139) resulted in color reduction of 98% for azo direct dyes (139). A Japanese patent (140) describes reducing an azo reactive dye such as Reactive Yellow 3 with sodium hydrosulfite into its respective aromatic amines which ate more readily adsorbable on carbon than the dye itself. This report has been confirmed with azo acid, direct, and reactive dyes (22). 

The very reactive yellow SF5OF, which is one of the few known hypofluorites, can be made by... 

Recently, however, Pd(PPh3)2 has been reported to result from reduction of palladium(II) complexes as a very reactive yellow solid [50] ... 

Klabisiella sp. VN-31 Reactive Yellow 107, Reactive Red 198, Reactive Black 5, Direct Blue 71 Monoazo dyes RY107 and RR 198 were decolorized in 72 and 96 h the diazo dyes (RB5 and triazodye DB71) decolorized in 120 and 168 h [39]... 

Not known Reactive Black 5, Reactive Yellow 145 Pseudomonas fluorescens [4]... 

Geotrichum sp. Reactive Black 5 Reactive Red 158 Reactive Yellow 27 100 (mg/L) 100.0 (variable, time dependent) [13]... 

The tolerance to high pHs is important in particular for industrial processes using reactive azo dyes, which are usually performed under alkaline conditions. A strain of C. bifermentans selected from a contaminated soil was tested for the ability to decolorize Reactive Red 3B-A at pHs from 5 to 12 while no decolorization was observed at pH 5, the dye was nearly completely decolorized across a broad range of pH values (6-12) after 48 h of incubation in this study a previous analysis of UV/Vis spectra of Reactive Red 3B-A, Reactive Black 5, and Reactive Yellow 3G-P after 0, 12, 24, and 36 h incubation was carried out, showing different decolorization rates for the three dyes, with no change in color content in the abiotic control [5]. 

Fig. 3.45. Chemical structure of azo dye Reactive yellow 84. Reprinted with permission from M. Koch et al. [120],...

Fig. 3.46. High-performance ion chromatographic analysis of C.I. Reactive yellow 84 after 120 min of the catalytic oxidation over Fe-Y80 catalyst. Initial conditions were 100 mg/1 azo-dye, pH 5, t = 50°C, catalyst concentration 1 g/1 and 20 mmol H202. Peak identities are as follows 1, acetate 2, formate 3, chloride (used for pH adjusting) 4, nitrate 5, malonate 6, sulphate 7, oxalate. Reprinted with permission from M. Neamtu et al. [121].

A similar HPICE method was employed for the study of the oxidation of Reactive yellow 84 and Reactive red 120 by the photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes [133], Photocatalytic degradation has been frequently investigated by various HPLC techniques. Thus, the photodegradation of ethyl violet has been recently studied in detail [134],... 

A. Aguedach, S. Brosillon, J. Morvan and E.K. Lhadi, Photocatalytic degradation of azo-dyes reactive black 5 and reactive yellow 145 in water over a newly deposited titanium dioxide. Appl. Cat. B Environ., 57 (2005) 55-62. 

M. Neamtu, C. Catrinescu and A. Kettrup, Effect of dealumination of iron(III)-exchanged Y. zeolites on oxidation of Reactive Yellow 84 azo dye in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Appl. Catal. B Environ., 51 (2004) 149-157. 

Catrinescu, C Neamtu, M Yediler, A Macoveanu, M Kettrup, A. Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of an azo dye. Reactive Yellow 84, over Fe-exchanged ultrastable Y zeolite. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2002 1, 177-186. 

Muruganandham, M Swaminathan, M. Solar driven decolourisation of Reactive Yellow 14 by advanced oxidation processes in heterogeneous and homogeneous media. Dyes and Pigments, 2007 72 (2), 137-143. 

Muruganandham, M Swaminathan M. Ti02-UV photoeatalytie oxidation of Reactive Yellow 14 Effect of operational parameters. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006 in press. 

Chemical Name Synonyms Hazard Classification Health (Blue) Flammability (Red) Reactivity (Yellow) Special (White)... 

---