Reactive chemical hazards reactivity hazard

L. Bretherick. Reactive Chemical Hazards. In Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 5th edition (S. G. Luxon, ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 1992, pp. 50—65. 

Understanding the Reactive Chemicals and Reactive Chemicals Systems Involved The main business of most chemical companies is to manufacture products through the control of reactive chemicals. The reactivity that makes chemicals useful can also make them hazardous. Therefore, it is essential that people who design or operate chemical processes understand the nature of the reactive chemicals involved. 

Reactive System Screening Tool (RSST) The RSST is a calorimeter that quickly and safely determines reactive chemical hazards. It approaches the ease of use of the DSC with the accuracy of the VSP. The apparatus measures sample temperature and pressure within a sample containment vessel. Tne RSST determines the potential for runaway reactions and measures the rate of temperature and pressure rise (for gassy reactions) to allow determinations of the energy and gas release rates. This information can be combined with simplified methods to assess reac tor safety system relief vent reqiiire-ments. It is especially useful when there is a need to screen a large number of different chemicals and processes. 

Two standard estimation methods for heat of reaction and CART are Chetah 7.2 and NASA CET 89. Chetah Version 7.2 is a computer program capable of predicting both thermochemical properties and certain reactive chemical hazards of pure chemicals, mixtures or reactions. Available from ASTM, Chetah 7.2 uses Benson s method of group additivity to estimate ideal gas heat of formation and heat of decomposition. NASA CET 89 is a computer program that calculates the adiabatic decomposition temperature (maximum attainable temperature in a chemical system) and the equilibrium decomposition products formed at that temperature. It is capable of calculating CART values for any combination of materials, including reactants, products, solvents, etc. Melhem and Shanley (1997) describe the use of CART values in thermal hazard analysis. 

L. Bretherick, P.G. Urbcn and M.J. Pitt, Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards An Indexed Guide to Published Data, 6th Edn, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1999. ISBN 075063605X. 

Reactive chemical hazards may arise from the inherent properties of the chemicals handled, used or disposed of and/or from their admixture or processing. 

Figure 7.1 Possible reactive chemical hazards (consequences are not mutually exclusive)...

Bretherick, L. (1990J Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th edn, Butterworth-Hememann, Oxford. 

The number of reactions that can run away is enormous, Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards [1] lists about 4,700 chemicals that have been involved in hazardous reactions of one sort or another, and there are more than 20,000 cross-references to entries involving more than one chemical. It is an essential work of reference for the chemist, the process engineer, and everyone involved in process safety. All I can do here is give a few examples to illustrate the reasons why runaways occur. 

Brethericks Reactive Chemical Hazards, Fifth edition Urben... 

Bretherick (1975) L. Bretherick, Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards , CPC Press, Cleveland, Ohio (1975)... 

Bretherick, Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards , CRC Press, Cleveland (1975), 843—45 9) Anon, Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual , The International Technical Information Institute, Tokyo (1975), 436—7 10) Anon, Fire Protection Guide on... 

Bretherick s Reactive Chemical Hazards Database, version 1, 4th edition CD-ROM, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994. 

ASSESSMENT OF REACTIVE CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMPUTATION OF REACTIVE CHEMICAL HAZARDS DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS MAXIMUM REACTION HEAT REACTION SAFETY CALORIMETRY... 

See COMPUTATION OF REACTIVE CHEMICAL HAZARDS, See other CORROSION INCIDENTS, METAL-HALOCARBON INCIDENTS... 

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