Bisulfite reaction between

The calcium bisulfite acid used in the manufacture of sulfite cellulose is the product of reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide, liquid water, and limestone. The reaction is normally carried out in trickle-bed reactors by the so-called Jenssen tower operation (E3). The use of gas-liquid fluidized beds has been suggested for this purpose (V7). The process is an example of a noncatalytic process involving three phases. 

Reaction between naphthols, bisulfite ion, and ammonia or amines... 

Toxic pollutants found in the mercury cell wastewater stream include mercury and some heavy metals like chromium and others stated in Table 22.8, some of them are corrosion products of reactions between chlorine and the plant materials of construction. Virtually, most of these pollutants are generally removed by sulfide precipitation followed by settling or filtration. Prior to treatment, sodium hydrosulfide is used to precipitate mercury sulfide, which is removed through filtration process in the wastewater stream. The tail gas scrubber water is often recycled as brine make-up water. Reduction, adsorption on activated carbon, ion exchange, and some chemical treatments are some of the processes employed in the treatment of wastewater in this cell. Sodium salts such as sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium sulfide, and sodium borohydride are also employed in the treatment of the wastewater in this cell28 (Figure 22.5). 

Mendiara, S. N., E. Ghibaudi, L. J. Perissinotti, and A. J. Colussi, Free Radicals and Diradicals in the Reaction between Nitrous Acid and Bisulfite in Acid Aqueous Media, . /. Phys. Chem., 96, 8089-8091 (1992). 

Hydroxy Sulfonic Acids 0-41 Reaction between epoxides and bisulfite ion... 

In order to generate SOI in acidic media, the reaction between sodium bisulfite and cerium ammonium nitrate should be employed. In (NH4)2Ce(N03)6, cerium has the oxidation state 4+. In acids, valence 4 cerium salts are strong oxidants. With the sulfite ion, the... 

Improvements to the techniques of synthesis of 8-alkyI-/V5-deazapterins have been reported for reactions between 2-amino-6-alkylaminopyrimidin-4(3//)ones and either 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds or 1,2-unsaturated carbonyl compounds which require the use of sodium bisulfite and the control of pH followed by chromatographic purification. The pKa data and protonation sites of the compounds which were prepared were recorded [94JHC1385]. 

Interest in the reaction between wool and sulfite stems from the bleaching of wool by sulfur stoving or by the application of bisulfite solutions, the use of sulfite solutions as antichlors after treatment to make wool unshrinkable and, more recently, the use of sulfite solutions for the setting of wool fabrics. Early work established that the reaction of sulfite with wool followed a similar pathway (I) to that found earlier by Clarke (1932) for cystine. 

McPhee (1960) has shown that high salt concentrations also retard the reaction of oxidizing agents with wool, and Williams (1962) has extended this work to the reaction of permanganate with wool. Salt concentrations greater than 1 M decreased the rate of the reaction between wool and KMn04, but the subsequent clearing of the wool with bisulfite was accelerated by salt up to at least 6 M. 

There are also side reactions that can either produce or consume water. Water can be produced by a reaction between the sample and Karl Fischer reagents. Examples of species that can produce water include esterfiable carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, and silanols. Aldehydes and ketones can also form reversible bisulfite complexes with water and sulfur dioxide. These reactions would consume water, resulting in an underestimate of the amount of water in a sample. 

Sulfonation of Hydroxylamine Disulfonate. Seel et al. (14) studied the reaction between HADS and bisulfite and found that this reaction produced about 70% aminetrisulfonate (ATS) and 30% aminedisulfonate (ADS) in the temperature range from 25 to 60°C and ionic strength from 1.0 to 1.2 M, with reaction times ranging up to 4.5 hr at a pH of 7. The reaction proceeds according to Eqs. (14) and (15) ... 

The rate of reaction between HSOj and O2 is shown to be much slower than the mass transfer rate and therefore is kinetically controlled. This rate, on analysis, is found to be 3/2 order in bisulfite concentration during a single experiment (Figure 3). 

The acid-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction between tryptamine derivatives and aldehydes is a well-established method for preparing tetrahydro-p-carboline (THpC) derivatives." Our first trials were aimed at using the bisnlfite adduct as the carbonyl sonrce in order to minimize the number of process steps. The reaction was performed by reacting the 5-methyltryptamine hydrochloride with an excess (1.3 eqniv) of the sodium bisulfite adduct in EtOH at reflnx, in the presence of one extra eqnivalent of HCl. The rac-THpC was simply isolated as a hydrochloride salt by filtration of the reaction mixture (Scheme 6.8). 

A further reaction between bisulfite and thiosulfate can result in the formation of trithionate ... 

This reaction was first reported by Bucherer in 1906. It is the synthesis of carbazoles from aryl hydrazines, sodium bisulfite, and 1- or 2-naphthols (or 1- or 2-naphthylamines) and is generally known as the Bucherer carbazole synthesis or Bucherer reaction. In addition, the reaction between 2-aminonaphthalene-l-sulfonic acid and phenylhydrazine also gives carbazole, indicating that sulfonation of naphthylamine might be the early step in the reaction pathway. This reaction has been most commonly used hitherto for the preparation of dibenzocarboles. ... 

This reaction was first reported by Hinsberg in 1888. It is the synthesis of N-alkyl-oxindole from IV-alkyl aniline and the glyoxal-bisulfite adduct after hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid. Similarly, the reaction of A -alkyl naphthylamine with glyoxal-bisulfite adduct leads to benzo-oxindole. In contrast, the reaction between primary aryl amines and... 

Disagreement over whether the result of this addition reaction between aldehyde and bisulfite should be written as structure A or structure B continued for many decades ... 

Figure 3.7 Arrhenius plot for the reaction between iodate and bisulfite ions.

For both SO2 and NOx, a major reaction pathway is with hydroxyl radical (OH), a highly reactive molecule. xhe reaction between SO2 and (OH) produces the unstable bisulfite radical... 

The majority of airborne acid sulfate appears to be formed in cloud droplets ("aqueous-phase oxidation"). SO2 dissolves to form the bisulfite anion (HSO3"), which then reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form acid sulfate. The lower the pH the faster this reaction proceeds. At pHs above 5.0, reaction between HS03 and ozone (O3) becomes appreciable and may become the dominant pathway for acid formation. ... 

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, [60-00-4]) chelates any trace metals that would otherwise decompose the hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-1]. The amine is preheated to 55—65°C and the hydrogen peroxide is added over one hour with agitation the temperature is maintained between 60 —70°C. The reaction is exothermic and cooling must be appHed to maintain the temperature below 70°C. After all the peroxide has been added, the temperature of the reaction mixture is raised to 75°C and held there from three to four hours until the unreacted amine is less than 2.0%. The solution is cooled and the unreacted hydrogen peroxide can be destroyed by addition of a stoichiometric amount of sodium bisulfite. This may not be desirable if a low colored product is desired, ia which case residual amounts of hydrogen peroxide enhance long-term color stabiUty. 

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