Raw materials resources

Secondary and micronutrients in fertilizers. Raw material resources for fertilizers. Environmental aspects,... 

Raigon-Pichardo, M., Garcia-Ramos, G. Sanches-Soto, P. J. 1996. Characterisation of a waste washing solid product of mining granitic tin-bearing sands and its application as ceramic raw material. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 17, 109-124. 

High selectivity of the process gives an opportunity to exclude several processing steps, in which noticeable amounts of hardly separable components are produced. Moreover, selectivity increase provides for fuller use of raw material resources of the process. 

In view of the necessity for getting waste disposal under control coupled with the limited fossil raw material resources, biodegradable polymer and in particular polymers from renewable resources will gain importance in the future. In the most sensitive application area, food contact materials and articles, it is possible initially to use these materials in very limited amounts. The easy decomposition of these packaging materials is in opposition with the inertness needed to protect packaged food. These polymers are particularly sensitive to moisture. By finishing operations such as surface treatments, one could improve the inertness of these polymers. However, the degradability would be diminished by such processes. 

On a worldwide basis, wood constitutes an enormous, renewable raw material resource (biomass) for production of energy and chemical products. In connection with wood-processing industries large amounts of both solid residues and dissolved material remain as waste. A rational utilization of this organic waste is of utmost importance not only from the pollution point of view, but also because of the necessity of finding substitutes for products based on petroleum and other fossile raw materials, all expensive and limited in supply. 

As with most commodity chemicals, the stoichiometric chemical costs remain the dominant component of overall process economics, but success in the marketplace depends critically upon the most efficient utilization of capital, energy, and raw material resources to gain and retain the economic upper hand. Programs like the one described in this paper are designed to do just that. 

Roller, W L., Keener, H. M., Kline, R. D., Mederski, H. J., and Curry, R. B. (1975). Grown Organic Matter as a Fuel Raw Material Resource, NASA Report CR-2608, Contract NGL-36-007-001, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., Oaober. 

The Slovak Republic is an industrial country. Industry and construction contribution to GDP reached approximately 52% in 1991. The economy of Slovakia has high demand for raw material and energy, but it is not a country with large raw material resources. 

Germanov, A.I., Batulin, S.G., Volkov, G.A., Lisitsin, A.K. and Serebrennikov, V.S., 1958. Some regularities of uranium distribution in underground waters. Proc. 2nd UN Internal. Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva 2, Survey of Raw Material Resources, pp. 161-177. 

In the pages that follow I hope not only to explain in detail the construction of the most significant of the Second World War imder-ground works, but also to set these works in the context of their time and of the political and economic circumstances which shaped their development. I have endeavoured to describe the evolution and demise of the two main threads of this story, both in their own ways magnificent achievements of the civil engineer, and both achieved with the same raw material, resources and technology. One, however, (the ammunition depots) must be adjudged a success (if only a qualified success) and the... 

The production technology is closely related to raw material resources and supply. In our first experiments, annual protein production was altogether 500-600 kg/ha. By the 1970s, however, the yield was four times higher. With continuous green matter supply of our 180-200-day vegetation... 

Whereas the objectives and principles of the Community s environment policy, as set out in the European Community action programmes on the environment on the basis of the principles enshrined in Article 130r (1) and (2) of the EEC Treaty, aim in particular at preventing, reducing and as far as possible eliminating pollution and ensuring sound management of raw materials resources, on the basis also of the polluter pays principle ... 

The raw material resources o the world are distributed in comparable proportions. The Old World has more of almost everything—three or four or five times more—than the New World plus the British Isles. 

Sultanova BA, Lazkov GA, Lebedeva LP, Ionov RN (1998) Preview list of vascular plants for protection and entering in the Red Data Book. Nauka i Novye Technologii (2) 119-127 Sumnevich GP (1942) Wild-growing fruit trees and shrubs. In Suirevuiye resursii Uzbekistana (Raw material resources of Uzbekistan), vol 2(1). Tashkent, pp 10-26 (in Russian)... 

Raw material resources and the location of their deposits have been discussed in detail in Chapter 5. In this... 

Kendrick and Stoufiestijk [171 in 1978 developed uniform, computerized methodology for selectir a plant location and provided examples of optimal locations for Egyptian fer zer industries. The linear model considers all production and logistic costs of raw material supply and product distribution. Similar models have been widely used [18]. It has been proven that fertilizer plant location depends on the product and the location of raw material resources. Low nutrient-containing fertilizers should be produced near the users area (e.g., SSP, ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfate). HighHiutrient fertilizers, in particular phosphate fertilizers, should be produced as near as possible to the raw material source to minimize transportation costs. In many cases it would be feasible to produce ammonia and concentrated phosphoric acid in a mother plant and process intermedi-... 

The business system depicted in the figure uses up fossil fuels and dissipates the once-concentrated veins of raw-material resources in its qnest to generate marketable prodncts. In this regard it is not all that different from a living system that uses the same solar energy either directly or indirectly. Interestingly, relationships analogons to those in the biosphere, such as competition. 

Depletion of fossil-fuel energy and raw-material resources... 

Practices are materially mediated. When practice is undertaken, it occurs in conjunction with material arrangements in the physical world. These may include objects such as raw materials, resources, artefacts and tools, physical connections, communication tools, and material circumstances (Kemmis, 2009 Schatzki, 2005) ... 

The raw material needs of the German cement industry involve the quarrying of about 1 km of fresh land per year. Since the Federal Republic of Germany is a country with limited raw material resources, but is one the world s largest raw material consumers, the indigenous supplies obviously must be utilized in the most efficient possible way. 

In the light of the knowledge that the earth s raw material resources are limited, the need for the development of modern microbicides which protect valuable products from loss of quality and deterioration is more urgent than ever. They not only protect a great number of perishable products from depreciation and destruction, but also prevent problems in industrial processes caused by algae, formation of slime and biofilms, and microbial induced corrosion. 

Figure 5.3.1 The chemis-tree" illustrating the origin of organic industrial chemicals from the main organic raw material resources oil, natural gas, coal, and biomass.

Sparse industrial entities and residential settlements in the far north and far east regions of Russia are traditional customers of small sized power applications. These regions altogether constitute two thirds of the country s territory and are characterized by relatively small power loads concentrated within singular consumption points, by difficulties in the supply and high costs of fossil fuel, and by lack of qualified local personnel needed to maintain complex power equipment. Though only 8% of the population of Russia lives in these regions, more than 60% of the prospected inventory of hydrocarbon fuel and mineral and raw material resources of the country are concentrated there. 

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