Rapid tests sensitivity

Gram stain and culture of the CSF are the most important laboratory tests performed for bacterial meningitis. When performed before antibiotic therapy is initiated, Gram stain is both rapid and sensitive and can confirm the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in 75% to 90% of cases. 

Biological methods This is the oldest group of test methods. In the past, cats were administered food filtrates intraperitoneally, and if the samples being tested were contaminated the cats would vomit. Animal tests are no longer used due to ethical and financial considerations. Cell cultures are now recommended. They are sensitive, cheap, and rapid tests - the cytotoxicity effect may be observed after only two hours (Normanno et al., 2001) - however such tests are not widely applied. 

More versatile than the growth-inhibition assays and potentially applicable to determining the presence of different antibiotic residues in different matrices are the microbial receptor CHARM I and II test assays (19, 20). The Charm I test, developed exclusively for -lactams in milk, constitutes the first rapid test recognized by The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) with a test time of 15 min (19). The speed and sensitivity of this test permitted testing of milk tankers before they unloaded at the processing plant (21). In 1984-1985, the CHARM I test was further developed to test for antibiotics beyond -lactams to include tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, novobiocin, and macrolides. The extended version has been referred to as CHARM II test. 

Abel Heal Test at 82.2°— 4 mins Gelatinizing Power for NC — molten material gelatinizes NC rapidly Initiation, Sensitivity to. It is incomplete when primed with No 6 cap with Tetryl base Power by Ballistic Mortar — 51% Blasting Gelatin... 

The antigen then is mixed with serial dilutions of the enzyme-labeled antibody. A chromogenic substrate mixed with the conjugated enzyme yields a water-soluble product, the absorbency of which can be measured by a spectrophotometer. Recent technology has led to the development of rapid tests that do not require intact cells, live organisms, or cell cultures. ELISAs using monoclonal antibody techniques for the rapid detection of HSVs, adenoviruses, and C. trachomatis are highly sensitive and specific. 

EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) (2009) Scientific opinion on analytical sensitivity of approved TSE rapid tests. EFSA Journal 7(12) 1436... 

O Hara SP, Murphy MJ, Morant K, Squirrell DJ. Rapid antimicrobial sensitivity testing using adenylate kinase (AK). American Society of Microbiology meeting, New Orleans May 2004, presentation C-144. 

Lejohn, H. B., A rapid and sensitive auxin binding system for detecting N6-substituted adenines, and some urea and thiourea derivatives, that show cy-tokinin activity in cell division tests, Can. J. Biochem., 53[7], 768,1975. 

Sargent JM, Taylor CG (1989) Appraisal of the MTT Assay as a Rapid Test of Chemo-Sensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Brit J Cancer 60 206... 

In previous chapters, we have already discussed the mass-sensitive detection of both small molecules and microorganisms and thus have covered the analyte size range below 1 nm and above 10 nm. The gap in between is bridged by macromolecules and some colloidal particles. Special analytical interest is devoted to biomacromolecules, such as proteins and enzymes and nucleic acids, which are also of chnical interest. For these classes of compounds, a wide variety of rapid testing techniques exist, which can also be seen by the mun-ber of excellent and recent reviews both on protein [59] and DNA [60-62] detection. Due to the broad range of techniques already available in chemistry and clinical science, MIP sensor applications for these analytes are still somewhat rare. For entire DNA strands, no imprinting strategy related to... 

The basis for the standard method for determining blood (ChE) inhibition is the measurement of the enzymatic products derived when either acetylcholine or acetylthiocholine are used as substrates. The rate of formation of acetate is measured by changes in pH, while the formation of thiocholine is determined colorimetrically. A portable device utilizing this method, the Test-Mate OP Kit (EQM Research Incorporated, 2585 Montana Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45211), provides a rapid, reasonably sensitive assay for ChE inhibition following OP exposure. The kit should be appropriate for emergency contingencies, and only very small blood samples are required. Military forces are viewing such a portable kit as a means to screen... 

This dynamic metabolic system functions at 10 to 100 times the rate found in mammalian cells, and can be quantified easily by measuring the rate of light ouqiut from a bacterial suspension. Any change in metabolic activity or disruption of cellular structure due to the presence of toxic substances, results in a rapid change in the rate of bioluminescence. Test sensitivity is partially explained by the small cell size which gives a high surface to volume ratio. 

Gringorten J L, Witt D P, Milne R E, et al. (1990). An in vitro system for testing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins The lawn assay. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 56 237-242. Bradford M (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72 248-254. 

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