Bacillus thuringiensis toxins

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Figure 20. Schematic diagram of the isolation of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene.

Gould, F., Anderson, A., Jones, A., Sumerford, D., Heckel, D.G., Lopez, J., Micinski, S., Leonard, R., and Laster, M., Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Heliothis virescens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 3519,1997. 

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Huang, F., Buschman, L.L., Higgins, R.A., and McGaughey, W.H. 1999. Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Dipel ES) in the European com borer. Science, 284, 965-967. 

Gringorten J L, Witt D P, Milne R E, et al. (1990). An in vitro system for testing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins The lawn assay. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 56 237-242. Bradford M (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72 248-254. 

Mazier, M., Pannetier, C., Tourneur, J., Jouanin, L. and Giband, M. (1997). The expression of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes in plant cells. Biotechnol. Ann. Rev. 3, 313-347. 

Wilson, W.D., Lfint, H.M., Deaton, R.W., Fischhoff, D.A., Perlak, F.J., Armstrong, T.A., Fuchs, R.L., Parks, N.J. and Stapp, B.R. (1992). Resistance of cotton lines containing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin to pink boUworm (Lepi-doptera Gelechiidae) and other insects. J. Econom. Entomol. 85,1516-1521. 

Fmtos, R., Rang, C. and Royer, M. (1999). Managing insect resistance to plants prodneing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 19, 227-276. 

McGanghey, W.H. and Whalon, M.E. (1992). Managing insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Science 258,1451-1455. 

Noteborn, H.P.J.M., Kuiper, H.A. and Jones, D.D. (1994). Safety assessment strategies for genetically modified plant products A case study of Bacillus thuringiensis-toxin tomato. In Proc. 3rd Int. Symp on The Biosafety Results of Field Tests of Genetically Modified Plants and Organisms (Young, A.L. and Economidis, 1., Eds). USD A, Monterey, USA, pp. 199-207. 

Schnepf, H.E. (1995). Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Regulation, activities and structural diversity. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 6, 305-312. 

Malone, L.A., Burgess, E.P.J. and Stefanovic, D. (1999). Effects of a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, two Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticide formulations, and a soybean trypsin inhibitor on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) survival and food consumption. Apidologie 30,465 73. 

Ballester, V., F. Granero, R.A. de Maagd, D. Bosch, J.L. Mensua, and J. Ferre. 1999. Role of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin domains in Toxicity and receptor binding in the diamondback moth. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 1900-1903. 

Bourguet, D. 2004. Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the European corn borer what chance for Bt maize Physiol. Entomol. 29 251-256. 

Crickmore, N., D.R. Zeigler, E. Schnepf, J. Van Rie, D. Lereclus, J. Baum, A. Bravo, and D.H. Dean. 2005. Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Nomenclature (Homepage). [cited January 2006]. http //www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil Crickmore/Bt/... 

Denolf, P., K. Hendrickx, J. Van Damme, S. Jansens, M. Peferoen, D. Degheele, and J. Van Rie. 1997. Cloning and characterization of Manduca sexta and Plutella xylostella midgut aminopeptidase N enzymes related to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin-binding proteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 248 748-761. 

Estela, A., B. Escriche, and J. Ferre. 2004. Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins with Larval Midgut Binding Sites of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 1378-1384. 

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